Türkiye'de figüratif heykel bağlamında seramik malzeme kullanımı
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Tarih
2022
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
“Türkiye’de Figüratif Heykel Bağlamında Seramik Malzeme Kullanımı” adlı tez çalışmasında “seramik malzeme” olarak adlandırılan, ana malzemesi kil olan, yüksek ısıda pişirilmiş toprak ile birlikte insanın varoluşundan it ibaren birçok sanat dalına, farklı bakış açıları ile konu olmuş figüre odaklanılmaktadır. Seramiğin ham maddesi olan kil; ısıl işlem görmesiyle pişmiş toprağa, ardından sırlanıp tekrar ısıl işlem görmesiyle ise seramiğe dönüşür. Figürat if heykel bağlamında seramik malzemenin kullanıldığı eserler Neolitik Çağ’dan başlayarak Modernizm’e kadar olan süreçte insanın kendini ve çevresindekileri ifade edebilmek için ürettiği, genel olarak dinsel ve mitolojik temaların işlendiği, üretildiği dönemin yaşam biçimini, kültürünü ve tarihini yansıtan eserler olmuştur. Türkiye’de “Figüratif Seramik Heykel” kavramının temeli ise Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün kurduğu cumhuriyetçi anlayış ile genç sanatçı ve akademisyenlerin evrensel bilgiye ulaşmaları için devlet tarafından desteklenerek yurt dışına gönderilmeleriyle at ılmışt ır. Türk heykel sanatında seramik malzemenin kullanımı 1950’lerden sonra yurt dışına eğitim amaçlı gönderilmiş olan sanatçıların yurda dönüşleri ile birlikte orada aldıkları eğit im ve sanat anlayışlarını ülkemize taşımalar ı ve seramik endüstrisinin gelişimine paralel olarak seramik eğit imi veren kurumların açılması ile gerçekleşmiştir. Aynı dönemlerde yurt dışında Picasso, Miro, Chagall ve Matisse gibi ressamların seramik malzemeyi ele almasıyla birlikte seramik malzeme geleneksel, işlevsel ve dekoratif kullanımlarının dışında sanatsal bir dil ve ifade aracı olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu sayede özgün, düşünsel, anlamsal ve kavramsal anlatımlar ile estetik bir nesne oluşmuştur. Heykeltıraşlarda bu malzemeyi bir sanat malzemesi olarak görüp kendi alanlarında kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı figüratif heykelin en köklü ve ilk malzemelerinden biri olan seramik malzemenin, 1950’ler sonrası Türkiye’deki figüratif heykel sanatındaki yerini, tarihsel gelişimini, çeşitliliğini, tekniklerini, heykel malzemesi olarak seramik malzemeyi kullanan öncü aynı zamanda çağdaş sanatçıların eserleri üzerinden irdelemek ve bu doğrultuda bundan sonraki yapılacak çalışmalara kaynak oluşturmaktır.
In the thesis titled "The Use of Ceramic Materials in the Context of Figurative Sculpture in Turkey", the focus is on the "ceramic material" that has been the subject of many art branches and different perspectives since the existence of humankind. Clay, which is the raw material of ceramics, turns into terracotta after being heat treated then become ceramic after being glazed and heat-treated again. The use of ceramic material in the context of figurative sculpture, in the process starting from the Neolithic Age to Modernism, there are works that reflect the life st yle, culture and history of the period in which people produced to express themselves and those around them, in which religious and myt ho logical themes were handled in general. The basis of the concept of “Figurative Ceramic Sculpture" in Turkey was laid to the support of the state and sending young artists and academics abroad to reach universal knowledge with the republican understanding established by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The use of ceramic materials in Turkish sculpture art has been realized in the 1950s with the return to Turkey of the artists who were sent abroad for educational purposes, bringing their education and understanding of art to Turkey, furthermore with opening of educational institutions in parallel to the development of the ceramic industry. In the same period, artists such as Picasso, Miro, Chagall and Matisse handled ceramic material, and it created an artistic language with leaving the traditional, funct ional and decorative production logic and creating an aesthetic object which is original, intellectual, semantic and conceptual expressions. Sculptors start to use this material as a three-dimensional and volumetric art material in their own fields. They perceived the intertwined characters of the arts with the endless imagination offered by the material. The aim of this thesis is to examine the place in the art of figurative sculpture in Turkey after the 1950s, historical development, diversity and techniques of ceramic material, which is one of the most rooted materials of figurative sculpture, on the basis of the works of pioneering and contemporary artists who use ceramic material as a sculpture material. In this direction, I want to create a resource for future studies.
In the thesis titled "The Use of Ceramic Materials in the Context of Figurative Sculpture in Turkey", the focus is on the "ceramic material" that has been the subject of many art branches and different perspectives since the existence of humankind. Clay, which is the raw material of ceramics, turns into terracotta after being heat treated then become ceramic after being glazed and heat-treated again. The use of ceramic material in the context of figurative sculpture, in the process starting from the Neolithic Age to Modernism, there are works that reflect the life st yle, culture and history of the period in which people produced to express themselves and those around them, in which religious and myt ho logical themes were handled in general. The basis of the concept of “Figurative Ceramic Sculpture" in Turkey was laid to the support of the state and sending young artists and academics abroad to reach universal knowledge with the republican understanding established by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The use of ceramic materials in Turkish sculpture art has been realized in the 1950s with the return to Turkey of the artists who were sent abroad for educational purposes, bringing their education and understanding of art to Turkey, furthermore with opening of educational institutions in parallel to the development of the ceramic industry. In the same period, artists such as Picasso, Miro, Chagall and Matisse handled ceramic material, and it created an artistic language with leaving the traditional, funct ional and decorative production logic and creating an aesthetic object which is original, intellectual, semantic and conceptual expressions. Sculptors start to use this material as a three-dimensional and volumetric art material in their own fields. They perceived the intertwined characters of the arts with the endless imagination offered by the material. The aim of this thesis is to examine the place in the art of figurative sculpture in Turkey after the 1950s, historical development, diversity and techniques of ceramic material, which is one of the most rooted materials of figurative sculpture, on the basis of the works of pioneering and contemporary artists who use ceramic material as a sculpture material. In this direction, I want to create a resource for future studies.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Seramik malzeme, Figüratif heykel, Seramik heykel, Figüratif seramik heykel, Ceramic material, Figurative sculpture, Ceramic sculpture, Figurative ceramic sculpture
