1886 yılının 9/21 Ağustos'unda devlet darbesi ve Bulgar krizi (1886-1887)
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Date
2021
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Trakya Üniversitesi
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Abstract
1878 yılının Mart ayında Osmanlı Devleti ile Rusya arasında imzalanan Ayastefanos Antlaşmasıyla kurulan Bulgaristan'ın sınırları, İngiltere ve Avusturya-Macaristan'ı kaygılandırmıştır. Bunun üzerine Temmuz 1878'de imzalanan Berlin Antlaşması ile İngiltere ve Avusturya-Macaristan'ın tedirginlikleri giderilmiştir. Ayrıca Tuna nehri ve Balkan arasında toprakları kapsayan Bulgaristan, Prenslik statüsü almıştır. 1879 yılına gelindiğinde ise Büyük Güçlerin onayladığı Aleksandır Batenberg Bulgaristan'ın ilk prensi olmuştur. Berlin Antlaşmasının hükümlerine karşı Batenberg, Filibe'de Kuzey ve Güney Bulgaristan Prensi unvanıyla Şarkî Rumeli Vilayeti'nin Bulgaristan ile birleştiğini ilan etmesi diplomatik krize yol açmıştır. Bunun üzerine 1885 tarihinde Bulgaristan ile Sırbistan arasında gerçekleşen savaşta Bulgar ordusu savaştan galip çıkmıştır. Bu askerî başarı Prens Aleksandır'ın popülerliğini arttırırken Rusya'nın düşmanlığını kazanmıştır. Ülkede Rus yanlısı ve Rus karşıtı olmak üzere iki karşıt grup meydana gelmiş ve Rusya'nın desteği ile Rus yanlısı bir grup Bulgar subayı tarafından 1886 yılının 9/21 Ağustos'unda Prens Aleksandır'a darbe yapılmıştır. Bulgaristan'da Rus desteği ile yapılan bu askerî müdahaleye Stefan Stambalov tarafından yapılan karşı darbe ile Aleksandır yeniden başa geçmiştir. Geri dönen Prens Aleksandır, 26 Ağustos/7 Eylül 1886'da Bulgaristan'ı kendi isteğiyle terk etmiştir. Aleksandır'ın Bulgaristan'ı terk etmeden önce 3 kişiden oluşan bir Naip heyeti atamıştır. Naip heyetinin vazifesi ülkede düzeni sağlayıp, Bulgaristan tahtına yeni bir prens bulmaktır. Bulgar Krizine yol açan bu gelişmeler sonrasında Rusya ile ilişkileri kopma noktasına getirmiş, kriz ise Bulgaristan'ı ve diğer devletlerin politikalarını önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir.
The borders of Bulgaria, which expanded with the Ayestafanos Treaty signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russia in March 1878, worried Britain and Austria-Hungary. With the Treaty of Berlin signed in July 1878, the concerns of England and Austria-Hungary were resolved and an autonomous province under the Ottoman State named Şarkî Rumelia was created in Southern Bulgaria. In addition, it was declared that the Bulgarian Principality would be established, covering the lands between the Danube River and the Balkans, and semi-autonomy was presented to Bulgaria. In 1879, Alexander Batenberg, approved by the Great Powers, became the first prince of Bulgaria. Against the provisions of the Berlin Treaty, Batenberg declared the union of Eastern Rumelia with Bulgaria with the title of Prince of Northern and Southern Bulgaria in Plovdiv, and this activity in Plovdiv caused a diplomatic crisis. In the war between Bulgaria and Serbia in 1885, the Bulgarian army won the war. While this military success increased the popularity of Prince Alexander, it also gained the hostility of Russia. Two pro-Russian and anti-Russian groups emerged in the country, and with the support of Russia, a pro-Russian Bulgarian military officer group staded a coup against Prince Alexander on 9/21 August 1886. With the counter-coup made by Stambolov to this military intervention in Bulgaria with Russian support, Aleksandr took the lead again. Returning Prince Alexander left Bulgaria voluntarily on 26 August/September 7, 1886. Before Alexander left Bulgaria, she appointed a delegation of 3 people. The task of the regent delegation is to find a new Bulgarian prince and apply the constitutional conditions to create a new Bulgarian Prince. After these developments that led to the Bulgarian Crisis, it brought relations with Russia to the point of breaking, and the crisis significantly affected the policies of Bulgaria and other states.
The borders of Bulgaria, which expanded with the Ayestafanos Treaty signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russia in March 1878, worried Britain and Austria-Hungary. With the Treaty of Berlin signed in July 1878, the concerns of England and Austria-Hungary were resolved and an autonomous province under the Ottoman State named Şarkî Rumelia was created in Southern Bulgaria. In addition, it was declared that the Bulgarian Principality would be established, covering the lands between the Danube River and the Balkans, and semi-autonomy was presented to Bulgaria. In 1879, Alexander Batenberg, approved by the Great Powers, became the first prince of Bulgaria. Against the provisions of the Berlin Treaty, Batenberg declared the union of Eastern Rumelia with Bulgaria with the title of Prince of Northern and Southern Bulgaria in Plovdiv, and this activity in Plovdiv caused a diplomatic crisis. In the war between Bulgaria and Serbia in 1885, the Bulgarian army won the war. While this military success increased the popularity of Prince Alexander, it also gained the hostility of Russia. Two pro-Russian and anti-Russian groups emerged in the country, and with the support of Russia, a pro-Russian Bulgarian military officer group staded a coup against Prince Alexander on 9/21 August 1886. With the counter-coup made by Stambolov to this military intervention in Bulgaria with Russian support, Aleksandr took the lead again. Returning Prince Alexander left Bulgaria voluntarily on 26 August/September 7, 1886. Before Alexander left Bulgaria, she appointed a delegation of 3 people. The task of the regent delegation is to find a new Bulgarian prince and apply the constitutional conditions to create a new Bulgarian Prince. After these developments that led to the Bulgarian Crisis, it brought relations with Russia to the point of breaking, and the crisis significantly affected the policies of Bulgaria and other states.
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Yüksek Lisans
Keywords
Tarih, History
