Edirne Merkezinde hipertansiyon tanısı almış yaşlı hastaların kronik hastalık uyumunun değerlendirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hipertansiyon toplumda sık görülen, tedavi edilmediği takdirde komplikasyonlara yol açan önemli bir sağlık problemdir ve yaşla birlikte toplumda görülme sıklığı artmaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı, hipertansiyon tanısı olan yaşlı bireylerin hastalıklarına uyumlarını değerlendirmek ve uyumlarını belirleyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Çalışmanın örneklemini Edirne il merkezindeki 23 aile sağlığı merkezine kayıtlı 65 yaş ve üzeri 421 birey oluşturmaktadır. Veriler 75 sorudan oluşan bir anketle toplanmıştır. Anketin içinde 25 sorudan oluşan Kronik Hastalıklara Uyum Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların 226’sı (% 53,7) kadın, 195’i (% 46,3) ise erkektir. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 75,21 ± 7,686, minimum yaş 65 ve maksimum yaş 91 şeklindedir. Hem sistolik kan basıncı hem diastolik kan basıncı değerleri 2019 Türk Hipertansiyon Uzlaşı Raporu’na göre hedefte olan katılımcı sayısı 34’tür (% 8,07). Katılımcıların ölçekten aldıkları ortalama puan 87,04 ± 9,77 olup minimum puan 62, maksimum puan 116’dır. Ölçek alt boyutlarına bakıldığında ise fiziksel uyum puanı ortalama 38,50 ± 5,70 (minimum 23, maksimum 53 puan), sosyal uyum puanı 25,10 ± 3,08 ( minimum 16, maksimum 47 puan), psikolojik uyum puanı 23,45 ± 3,25 (minimum 16, maksimum 31 puan) puandır. 65-74 yaş grubun uyum puanı 75-84 yaş grubu (p=0,003) ve 85 yaş üzeri gruptan (p=0,009) daha yüksektir. Dul bireylerin (p < 0,001), okuryazar olmayan bireylerin (p < 0,001) ve yalnız yaşayanların (p < 0,001) uyum puanı anlamlı derecede daha düşüktür. Beden kitle indeksi ile uyum puanı arasında ters yönlü bir ilişki mevcuttur (p=0,001). Hastalığı ve tedavisi ile ilgili ailesi de bilgilendirilen (p=0,025), aile desteği olan (p < 0,001) katılımcıların uyum puanı daha yüksektir. Çalışmamızdan elde ettiğimiz veriler değerlendirildiğinde, hipertansiyon kontrol oranının oldukça düşük olduğu görülmektedir. Bireylerin kronik hastalıklara uyumunu etkileyen birçok faktör olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hastalık uyumunu sağlamak için hekim-hasta ilişkisinin güçlendirilmesi, hastanın ve ailesinin bilgilendirilerek sürece aktif katılımlarının sağlanması, psikososyal stres faktörlerinin belirlenip yapılması gerekenler için rehberlik edilmesi, beslenme ve egzersiz danışmanlığı yapılması bireylerin hastalık uyumlarını ve yaşam kalitelerini olumlu yönde etkileyecektir.
Hypertension is a common and significant health problem causing complications if left untreated, and its prevalence increases by age. Our study aims to determine the adherence to disease of elderly individuals and identify the related factors of adherence to disease. The study sample includes 421 patients above the age of 65 and registered to 23 family health centers in Edirne city center. The data were obtained through a questionnaire comprising of 75 questions. Adaptation to Chronic Illness Scale comprising of 25 questions were applied in the questionnaire. Two hundred and twenty six of the participants (53.7%) were female, and 195 (46.3%) were male. The mean age of the participants was 75.21 ± 7,686, their minimum age was 65 and maximum age was 91. The number of participants having both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure values within the target range according to 2019 Turkish Hypertension Consensus Report was 34 (8.07%). The mean scale score of participants were 87.04 ± 9.77, minimum score was 62 and maximum score was 116. When subscales were evaluated, mean physical adherence score was 38.50 ± 5.70 (minimum 23, maximum 53 points), social adherence score was 25.10 ± 3.08 (minimum 16, maximum 47 points), and psychological adherence score was 23.45 ± 3.25 points (minimum 16, maximum 31 points). The adherence score of 65-74 age group was higher than the score of 75-84 age group (p=0.003) and above 85 years group (p=0.009). The adherence scores of widowed individuals (p < 0.001), illiterate individuals (p < 0.001) and the individuals living alone (p < 0.001) were significantly lower. There was an inverse relationship between Body Mass Index and adherence score (p=0.001). The adherence scores of the participants whose families were also informed about the disease (p=0.025), who have family support (p < 0.001) were higher. When the data obtained from our study is evaluated, hypertension control rate is observed to be considerably low. It is determined that there are many factors affecting the adherence of individuals to chronic diseases. Strengthening the physician-patient relationship, ensuring the active participation of the patient and his family to the process by informing them, providing guidance in actions to be taken by determining psychological stress factors, providing nutrition and exercise consultation will positively affect the adherence of individuals to the disease and their life quality.
Hypertension is a common and significant health problem causing complications if left untreated, and its prevalence increases by age. Our study aims to determine the adherence to disease of elderly individuals and identify the related factors of adherence to disease. The study sample includes 421 patients above the age of 65 and registered to 23 family health centers in Edirne city center. The data were obtained through a questionnaire comprising of 75 questions. Adaptation to Chronic Illness Scale comprising of 25 questions were applied in the questionnaire. Two hundred and twenty six of the participants (53.7%) were female, and 195 (46.3%) were male. The mean age of the participants was 75.21 ± 7,686, their minimum age was 65 and maximum age was 91. The number of participants having both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure values within the target range according to 2019 Turkish Hypertension Consensus Report was 34 (8.07%). The mean scale score of participants were 87.04 ± 9.77, minimum score was 62 and maximum score was 116. When subscales were evaluated, mean physical adherence score was 38.50 ± 5.70 (minimum 23, maximum 53 points), social adherence score was 25.10 ± 3.08 (minimum 16, maximum 47 points), and psychological adherence score was 23.45 ± 3.25 points (minimum 16, maximum 31 points). The adherence score of 65-74 age group was higher than the score of 75-84 age group (p=0.003) and above 85 years group (p=0.009). The adherence scores of widowed individuals (p < 0.001), illiterate individuals (p < 0.001) and the individuals living alone (p < 0.001) were significantly lower. There was an inverse relationship between Body Mass Index and adherence score (p=0.001). The adherence scores of the participants whose families were also informed about the disease (p=0.025), who have family support (p < 0.001) were higher. When the data obtained from our study is evaluated, hypertension control rate is observed to be considerably low. It is determined that there are many factors affecting the adherence of individuals to chronic diseases. Strengthening the physician-patient relationship, ensuring the active participation of the patient and his family to the process by informing them, providing guidance in actions to be taken by determining psychological stress factors, providing nutrition and exercise consultation will positively affect the adherence of individuals to the disease and their life quality.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hasta Uyumu, Hipertansiyon, Yaşlı, Patient Compliance, Hypertension, Elderly
