Ayrılıkçı terörizmin ideolojik kökeni: eta üzerine inceleme
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Yayıncı
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Terörizm en acı, en kanlı siyasal mesajdır. Korkutmak, yıldırmak, taleplerinin yerine getirilmesi için yönetenlere ya da şahıslara yöneltilen bu silahla her an her yerde karşı karşıya kalınabilmektedir. Savaştan daha etkilidir. Savaşta düşman bellidir. Cepheler bellidir. Tepeden düşen bir bomba sürpriz değildir. Ancak terör korkunç bir sürprizdir. Savaşın cephesinde yer almasak da, düşman olmasak da terörün kurbanı olabiliriz. Sesleri duyurmak için çıkılan bu yolda bir hedefin olması gerekmektedir. Teröristlerin örgüte karşı sorgusuz sualsiz bağlı olmaları, örgütün bir parçası haline gelmeleri, terör örgütünün uzun yıllar ayakta kalmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu noktada ideolojiler teröristler için bir referanstır. Teröristler ideolojik temeller üzerine kurdukları hedefler ile eylemlerini gerçekleştirmektedirler. Bu eylemelere ideoloji ile meşruluk kazandırırlar. Terör örgütleri birçok amaç ve neden üzerinde birleşseler de ideoloji örgütü dinç tutmakta ve örgütün dinamiğini sağlamaktadır. Bu noktada örgütler faklı coğrafyalarda ortaya çıksa da ideoloji ekseninde birleşebilmektedir. Terör örgütlerinin dostları aynı ideolojilere sahip iken düşmanları ise karşı ideolojilere sahip olanlardan oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ele alınan ETA(Bask Yurdu ve Özgürlük) terör örgütü düşman olarak İspanyol Milliyetçiliğini görmüş ve Bask Milliyetçiliğini savunmuştur. Tarihsel olarak rekabet içinde olan bu ideolojiler 20. yüzyılda terörizme dönüşmüştür. Bu çalışmada ideoloji ve terör kavramlarının birbiriyle olan ilişkileri ortaya konularak, ideolojilerin örgüt içindeki öneminin açıklanması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla içinde Marksist-Leninist, Bask Milliyetçiliği ve ayrılıkçı yönü barındıran ETA, kuruluşundan itibaren bu ideolojilerden taviz vermeden eylemlerini gerçekleştirmiş ve bu ideolojiler altında yaptığı eylemlere meşruluk kazandırmaya çalışmıştır. Zaman zaman ideolojik çatışmalar nedeniyle örgüt içinde ayrılmalar yaşanmasına rağmen örgüt ideolojilerinden ödün vermemiştir. Bu nedenle belirli bir ideoloji doğrultusunda siyasal şiddet kullanan ETA terör örgütünün, ideolojik altyapısı ve İspanya’daki ideolojik mücadelesinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Terrorism is the most pain, bloodiest political message. This weapon, aimed at those who rule or individuals to intimidate, intimidate, fulfill their demands, can be encountered at any time, anywhere. It’s more effective than war. In war, the enemy is obvious. The military front are obvious. A bomb falling from a hill is no suprise. But terror is a terrible surprise. We can be victims of terror, whether we are on the front lines of war or not. There must be a goal on this path to make the voices heard. The fact that Terrorists are connected to the organization without question, become part of the organization, ensures that the terrorist organization remains afloat for many years. At this point, ideologies are a reference to terrorists. Terrorists carry out their actions with goals based on ideological foundations. These actions bring legitimacy with ideology. Although terrorist organizations unite for many purposes and reasons, ideology keeps the organization vigorous and ensures the dynamics of the organization. At this point, organizations can unite on the axis of ideology, although they appear in different geographies. While the friends of terrorist organizations have the same ideologies, their enemies are composed of those with opposite ideologies. The ETA(Basque Homeland and Freedom) terrorist organization discussed in this study saw Spanish Nationalism as the enemy and defended Basque Nationalism. These ideologies, which were historically competitive, turned into terrorism in the 20th ideologies century. In this study, it is aimed to explain the importance of ideologies in the organization by revealing the relationship between the concepts of ideology and terrorism. For this purposes ETA, which includes Marxist-Leninist, Basque Nationalism and separatist aspects, has carried out it’s actions without compromising these ideologies since it’s establishment and tried to legitimize it’s actions under these ideologies. Despite the occasional separations within the organization due to ideological conflicts, the organization did not compromise it’s ideologies. For this reasons, it’s aimed to reveal the ideological infrastructure and ideological struggle of the ETA terrorist organization, which uses political violence in line with a certain ideology.
Terrorism is the most pain, bloodiest political message. This weapon, aimed at those who rule or individuals to intimidate, intimidate, fulfill their demands, can be encountered at any time, anywhere. It’s more effective than war. In war, the enemy is obvious. The military front are obvious. A bomb falling from a hill is no suprise. But terror is a terrible surprise. We can be victims of terror, whether we are on the front lines of war or not. There must be a goal on this path to make the voices heard. The fact that Terrorists are connected to the organization without question, become part of the organization, ensures that the terrorist organization remains afloat for many years. At this point, ideologies are a reference to terrorists. Terrorists carry out their actions with goals based on ideological foundations. These actions bring legitimacy with ideology. Although terrorist organizations unite for many purposes and reasons, ideology keeps the organization vigorous and ensures the dynamics of the organization. At this point, organizations can unite on the axis of ideology, although they appear in different geographies. While the friends of terrorist organizations have the same ideologies, their enemies are composed of those with opposite ideologies. The ETA(Basque Homeland and Freedom) terrorist organization discussed in this study saw Spanish Nationalism as the enemy and defended Basque Nationalism. These ideologies, which were historically competitive, turned into terrorism in the 20th ideologies century. In this study, it is aimed to explain the importance of ideologies in the organization by revealing the relationship between the concepts of ideology and terrorism. For this purposes ETA, which includes Marxist-Leninist, Basque Nationalism and separatist aspects, has carried out it’s actions without compromising these ideologies since it’s establishment and tried to legitimize it’s actions under these ideologies. Despite the occasional separations within the organization due to ideological conflicts, the organization did not compromise it’s ideologies. For this reasons, it’s aimed to reveal the ideological infrastructure and ideological struggle of the ETA terrorist organization, which uses political violence in line with a certain ideology.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Terörizm, İdeoloji, Ayrılıkçı terörizm, ETA, Terrorism, İdeology, Separatist terrorism
