Türkiye'de kapılı topluluk yerleşimleri-Edirne Avrupa kent örneği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2012
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Günümüzde mekânsal sınıf ayrımlaşmasının yaşandığı kentlerde, 2. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında banliyöleşme ile başlayan, Amerika başta olmak üzere diğer Batı ülkelerinde de hızla ortaya çıkan kapılı topluluklar oluşmuştur. Hızla yaygınlaşan bu topluluklar, mekânsal olarak hayat tarzını yansıtan, küresel tüketim istekleriyle bütünleşmiştir. Öncelikle, gelişmiş, ardından gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yaygınlaşan kapılı toplulukların ülkemizdeki örnekleri 1980 sonrasında Turgut Özal'ın liberal ekonomilere verdiği geçiş üstünlüğü ile gerçekleşmiştir. 1980 sonrasında, inşaat sektörü, emlak piyasası, yatırımcılar, kentin kalabalığından, karmaşasından, trafiğinden kaçmak isteyen orta sınıfı hedef alarak kapılı toplulukları inşa etmeye başlamışlardır. Bu yatırımların ana teması, kentin karmaşasından izole edilmiş, duvarlarla çevrili, giriş çıkışı denetimli, korkunun en aza indirildiği mekânlar oluşturmaktır. Küresel tüketim alışkanlıkları ile hayat tarzı oluşturarak; mekân marketten alınan deterjan gibi tüketim nesnesi haline gelmiştir. Orta sınıf, yüksek fiyatları ve tüketim alışkanlıklarıyla farklılaşmak istemektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu talebi gerçekleştirmeye çalışan emlak, dekorasyon, iç mimari piyasası oluşmuştur. Kentte yaşayan insanların bazıları kabalığın etkisiyle oluşan takıntılı düşüncelere sahiptir. Bu düşüncenin etkisiyle çocuklarını dış dünyadan uzak tutmaya çalışırlar. Bu düşüncelerden ve korkulardan kurtulmak isteyen orta sınıf, onlar için ideal yaşam alanları olan kapılı topluluklara kaçmışlardır. Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde, tezin amacı, kapsamı ve yöntemi ele alınmaktadır. Tezin amacı, Batıda artan kapılı topluluk örneklerinin Türkiye'deki karşılıklarıyla benzer özelliklerinin olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Bununla birlikte, Türkiye'deki kapılı toplulukların gösterdiği özelliklere Edirne'deki Avrupa Kent'in uyumluluğu konusunu tartışmaktır. Birinci bölümde, kentlerin tarihi, kentleşme, kent ve kentleşme kuramları, araştırılarak Türkiye'deki kent yapılarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Statü kavramının, mekâna yansıması sonucu oluşan banliyöleşmenin zamanla kapılı topluluğa dönüşmesi sonucu yaşanan kent düzenlemeleri incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, kapılı topluluklarla ilgili literatür taranmış, kapılı topluluklar hakkında yapılmış uluslar arası çalışmalardan yararlanılarak konut yerleşimi, sınıf ayrımlaşması, mekânın hayat tarzını oluşturması, güvenlik isteği, kapılı toplulukların bulunduğu kentle ilişkisi doğrultusunda değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde Edirnede'ki kapılı topluluklar özelliği gösteren sitelere bakılmış, Avrupa Kent sitesi kapılı topluluk özellikleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Avrupa Kent sakinleriyle yapılan toplumsal statü, Avrupa Kent'i tercih etme nedenlerini ölçmek için yapılan anket sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçta, Avrupa Kent sitesinin kapılı topluluk özelliği gösterdiği, zamanla bu özelliklerinin arttığı görülmüştür.
Abstract
At the present time, there is differentiation on settlements in some cities which starts with suburbanizm after the World War II. In Western countries, especially America, Gated communities are formed. These communities, which are spread out quickly, become integrated with the desire of global consumption which reflects the life style about settlements. The samples of gated communities in our country substantiate with liberal economies which is supported by Turgut Özal after 1980. These Gated Communities started spreading from developed countries to developing countries. After 1980s, the building trade, the real estate market and investors, started to build gated communities for middle class people who wants to escape from the crowd, the traffic and the complexness of the city. The main points of the investments are to create structures which are isolated from the complexness of city, surrounded by walls, controlled entrance and exit. These features reduce the feeling of fear, they also provide more safety. By creating a life style with the habits of global consumption, residences become an object of consumption like a simple detergent which you bought from a market. Middle class wants to differentiate themselves by high prices and habits of consumption. In this sense, to meet this demand new trade occurs; real estate, decoration or interior architecture is some of them. Some of the people living in the city have some obsessive thoughts which caused by the impact of crowd. These people try to keep their obsessive thoughts. Middle class who wants to get rid of these anxiety escapes to gated communities which present an ideal living area for them. In the opening chapter of this work; aim, concept and way has been handled. The aim of this thesis is to make a research whether there is a similarity between gated communities in the West and in Turkey or not. On the other hand, it is also discussed that if 'Avrupa Kent' has concurrency with the other gated communities in Turkey. In the first part, the history of the cities, urbanization and the theories of urban and urbanization have been researched and compared with the other cities in Turkey. As a result of the reflection status term to residence, urbanism turns to gated communities and new city arrangements are searched. In the second part, the literature about gated communities is scanned. Benefiting from international studies about gated communities; residence, differentiations among classes, desire of security is evaluated in line of where the gated comminutes are take place. In the third part, the sites in Edirne which have Gated Communities features compared with the properties of 'Avrupa Kent' Gated Community. It is also evaluated that the results of the survey with the residents of the 'Avrupa Kent' about social rank and reasons of why they choose to live here. As a result, it is clearly seen that 'Avrupa Kent' has all features of gated communities and increases in time.
Abstract
At the present time, there is differentiation on settlements in some cities which starts with suburbanizm after the World War II. In Western countries, especially America, Gated communities are formed. These communities, which are spread out quickly, become integrated with the desire of global consumption which reflects the life style about settlements. The samples of gated communities in our country substantiate with liberal economies which is supported by Turgut Özal after 1980. These Gated Communities started spreading from developed countries to developing countries. After 1980s, the building trade, the real estate market and investors, started to build gated communities for middle class people who wants to escape from the crowd, the traffic and the complexness of the city. The main points of the investments are to create structures which are isolated from the complexness of city, surrounded by walls, controlled entrance and exit. These features reduce the feeling of fear, they also provide more safety. By creating a life style with the habits of global consumption, residences become an object of consumption like a simple detergent which you bought from a market. Middle class wants to differentiate themselves by high prices and habits of consumption. In this sense, to meet this demand new trade occurs; real estate, decoration or interior architecture is some of them. Some of the people living in the city have some obsessive thoughts which caused by the impact of crowd. These people try to keep their obsessive thoughts. Middle class who wants to get rid of these anxiety escapes to gated communities which present an ideal living area for them. In the opening chapter of this work; aim, concept and way has been handled. The aim of this thesis is to make a research whether there is a similarity between gated communities in the West and in Turkey or not. On the other hand, it is also discussed that if 'Avrupa Kent' has concurrency with the other gated communities in Turkey. In the first part, the history of the cities, urbanization and the theories of urban and urbanization have been researched and compared with the other cities in Turkey. As a result of the reflection status term to residence, urbanism turns to gated communities and new city arrangements are searched. In the second part, the literature about gated communities is scanned. Benefiting from international studies about gated communities; residence, differentiations among classes, desire of security is evaluated in line of where the gated comminutes are take place. In the third part, the sites in Edirne which have Gated Communities features compared with the properties of 'Avrupa Kent' Gated Community. It is also evaluated that the results of the survey with the residents of the 'Avrupa Kent' about social rank and reasons of why they choose to live here. As a result, it is clearly seen that 'Avrupa Kent' has all features of gated communities and increases in time.
Açıklama
Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kent, Kentleşme, Banliyöleşme, Soylulaştırma, Kapılı Topluluklar, City, Urbanization, Suburbanization, Gentrification, Gated Communities
