Hazar’ın statü sorunu ve uluslararası hukuk açısından değerlendirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Trakya Üniversitesi,Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bulunduğu coğrafi konum ve zengin doğal rezervleri ile bilinen Hazar Denizi her zaman kıyı devletlerinin yanı sıra dünyanın önemli güç merkezlerinin odak noktalarından biri olmuştur. Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasından sonra Hazar Denizi’ne kıyısı olan devletlerin sayısı ikiden beşe yükselmiştir. SSCB’nin resmî dağılma yılı olan 1991’e kadar Hazar Denizi’nin statü meselesi ve onun doğal kaynakları ile birlikte paylaşılması, iki kıyı devleti olan SSCB ile İran arasında ikili anlaşmalar ile düzenlenmiştir. Ancak 1991 yılında SSCB’nin dağılması ile birlikte bu mesele artık iki devlet arasındaki bir mesele olmaktan çıkmış, yeni bağımsızlıklarını kazanan Azerbaycan, Kazakistan ve Türkmenistan kıyı devletleri olarak Hazar’ın statüsü meselesinde kendi haklarını ileri sürmüşlerdir. Bu süreç ile birlikte Hazar Denizi’nin hukuki statüsü meselesi daha karmaşık bir mesele haline gelmiştir. SSCB zamanında Hazar Denizi İran ile SSCB arasında Azerbaycan’ın Astara ve Türkmenistan’ın Hasan Kuli yerleşim birimleri arasında çekilen bir çizgi ile ikiye bölünmüştür. Bu bölünmeden sonra SSCB, 1970 yılında Hazar’da kendi payı olan %86’lık bölümü Hazar kıyısı Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetleri arasında sektörlere ayırmıştır. 1991 yılında yeni devletlerin bağımsızlıklarını kazanmaları ile ortaya çıkan bu sorun, 1994 yılında Azerbaycan’ın 1970 bölünmesi ile kendi sektörü olan bölgedeki kaynakları Batı şirketlerinden oluşan bir konsorsiyum ile birlikte işletilmesini öngören anlaşma olan “Asrın Anlaşması”nı imzalamasından sonra daha çok gündeme gelmiştir. SSCB zamanında yapılmış anlaşmaları SSCB dağılmadan önce kabul eden İran ve Türkmenistan gibi kıyı devletleri SSCB dağıldıktan sonra bu anlaşmaları kabul etmeyerek Hazar üzerinde yeni haklar iddia etmeye başlamışlardır. Bu durum Hazar’ın statüsü meselesini çözümü zor bir çıkmazın içine sokmuştur.
Known for its geographical location and rich natural reserves, the Caspian Sea has always been one of the focal points of the major power centers of the world as well as the coastal states. After the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the number of states that are coastal to the Caspian Sea rose from two to five. Until 1991, the year of the official disintegration of the USSR, the issue of the Caspian Sea’s status and its sharing with its natural resources were regulated by bilateral agreements between the two coastal states, namely the USSR and Iran. However, with the disintegration of the USSR in 1991, this issue was no longer an issue between the two states, and Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan as the coastal states that had gained their new independence have put forward their rights in the issue of the status of the Caspian. With this process, the legal status of the Caspian Sea has become a more complex issue. While the USSR continued its existence, the Caspian Sea was divided between Iran and the USSR by a line drawn between the settlements of Astara in Azerbaijan and Hasan Kuli in Turkmenistan.After this division, the USSR divided the 86% of its share in the Caspian into sectors between the Soviet Socialist Republics coastal to the Caspian Sea in 1970. This problem, which emerged with the independence of the new states in 1991, came to the fore after the signing of the ’Agreement of the Century’. This agreement, which was signed in 1994, envisaged Azerbaijan to operate the natural resources in the region, which became its own sector by the 1970 division, with a consortium of Western companies. Before the USSR disintegrated, the coastal states, such as Iran and Turkmenistan, who accepted the agreements which signed in the time of USSR, began to claim new rights on the Caspian by not accepting these agreements after the USSR disintegrated.This situation has brought the issue of the status of the Caspian into a difficult deadlock.
Known for its geographical location and rich natural reserves, the Caspian Sea has always been one of the focal points of the major power centers of the world as well as the coastal states. After the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the number of states that are coastal to the Caspian Sea rose from two to five. Until 1991, the year of the official disintegration of the USSR, the issue of the Caspian Sea’s status and its sharing with its natural resources were regulated by bilateral agreements between the two coastal states, namely the USSR and Iran. However, with the disintegration of the USSR in 1991, this issue was no longer an issue between the two states, and Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan as the coastal states that had gained their new independence have put forward their rights in the issue of the status of the Caspian. With this process, the legal status of the Caspian Sea has become a more complex issue. While the USSR continued its existence, the Caspian Sea was divided between Iran and the USSR by a line drawn between the settlements of Astara in Azerbaijan and Hasan Kuli in Turkmenistan.After this division, the USSR divided the 86% of its share in the Caspian into sectors between the Soviet Socialist Republics coastal to the Caspian Sea in 1970. This problem, which emerged with the independence of the new states in 1991, came to the fore after the signing of the ’Agreement of the Century’. This agreement, which was signed in 1994, envisaged Azerbaijan to operate the natural resources in the region, which became its own sector by the 1970 division, with a consortium of Western companies. Before the USSR disintegrated, the coastal states, such as Iran and Turkmenistan, who accepted the agreements which signed in the time of USSR, began to claim new rights on the Caspian by not accepting these agreements after the USSR disintegrated.This situation has brought the issue of the status of the Caspian into a difficult deadlock.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hazar Denizi, Hukuki Statü, Statü Sorunu, SSCB, Rusya, Azerbaycan, Türkmenistan, Kazakistan, İran, The Caspian Sea, Legal Status, Issue of Status, USSR, Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Iran
