Soy plant tissue culture as an alternative for isoflavonoid production
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2012
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
Soybean (Glycine max.) is popular due to health consciousness, mad cow disease and high meat prices. Soybean consumption ranges between frozen green soybeans to cold cereals, non-dairy cheeses and desserts, milk and yogurt alternatives. Soybean is a source of edible oil, and the residual meal is used as a protein supplement for livestock. Soybean lipids are cholesterol-free. Soybean consists of 15 % dietary fiber and its protein content is between 36-46 %. Soy protein contains all essential amino acids. It has superior functional properties and is therefore a replacement for animal proteins in non-diary alternatives and meat analogs. Soybeans are the most abundant source of isoflavones. Isoflavones are anti-atherosclerotic; they decrease risk of coronary disease, improve body composition and prevent hormone-dependent cancers. Plant cell cultures are attractive alternatives for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Plant tissue cultures offer production of phytochemicals independent of geographical, seasonal and environmental factors. They ensure continuous production with uniform quality and yield. Cell growth in plant tissue cultures and secondary metabolite biosynthesis are correlated, but there also exist non-growth-related secondary metabolites. Chemical and physical stresses trigger biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. First, the best metabolic stress that triggers secondary metabolite biosynthesis is found. Then, optimum conditions needed in a bioreactor are investigated. Scale-up problems arise due to oxygen and nutrient transfer. Agitation to increase mass transfer rates cause death of the cells due to shear. Thus, airlift bioreactors are recommended for plant tissue cultures. The next handicap is the recovery of secondary metabolites, especially when they are intracellular. Effects of various chemical and physical stresses on cell growth and isoflavonoid biosynthesis by the soybean callus suspension culture have been investigated. Methyljasmonate was effective in triggering isoflavonoid biosynthesis. Pulsed electric field (PEF) is promising for bioreactor applications, since PEF not only performs as stress to induce biosynthesis, but it also is an agent of intracellular secondary metabolite excretion and recovery. Influence of biotic stress on isoflavonoid production by the soy plant cell culture has also been highlighted. Effect of immobilization on the growth of soy plant cell cultures and isoflavonoid biosynthesis has been studied on pilot scale bioreactors in conjunction with innovative engineering solutions for product recovery. However, efforts to extend results of small scale fermentations in flasks to a semi-continuous airlift bioreactor system were not very successful. Shear stress during aeration prevented the cells from staying in aggregate form. Detailed optimum engineering solutions are required to enable continuous production of secondary metabolites using plant cell cultures and will continue to be a challenging issue during the beginning of the twenty-first century. © 2013 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Abiotic Stress; Air-Lift Bioreactor; Biotic Stress; High Hydrostatic Pressure (Hhp); Isoflavonoid; Plant Cell Culture; Pulsed Electric Field (Pef); Secondary Metabolite
Kaynak
Soy: Nutrition, Consumption and Health
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
N/A
