Turkish Medical Student Journal
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Öğe Successful Management of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in a Young Female Patient(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2021) Yüksel, Ceren; Çıray, Bengisu; Koşucu, Mustafa Alperen; Altay, ServetAims: Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rarely seen pregnancy-related myocardial disorder. The diagnosis is usually challenging and is made by exclusion. We aimed to present the recovery of a patient with peripartum cardiomyopathy as a result of a successful treatment plan. Case Report: A 26-year-old female patient with type-2 diabetes mellitus presented to the cardiology department of Trakya University School of Medicine. The patient experienced dyspnea and edema after delivery at 37 weeks of gestation. After the results of the blood tests, further cardiac examinations were deemed necessary. The echocardiogram revealed a low ejection fraction, indicating heart failure. The patient was recommended to halt breastfeeding and bromocriptine treatment was started. The patient was discharged one week later and kept under follow-up. Conclusion: Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare disease and therefore not easy to diagnose, but with appropriate treatment plans and frequent follow-ups, patients have high chances of full recovery.Öğe Effects of Estrogen on Coronary Artery Calcification and the Relationship Between Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Diseases in Postmenopausal Women(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2021) Güvenç, Alican; Yılmaz, Ceren; Balta, Buse; Yıldız, Zeynep; Vardar, Selma ArzuEstrogen deficiency is known to be one of the causes of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Coronary artery calcification is one of the major factors of cardiovascular disease. The studies related to the effects of estrogen on coronary artery calcification and the possible relation between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease rapidly increased in recent years. Estrogen levels decrease in postmenopausal women and can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Estrogen could affect cardiovascular diseases by mediating the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand-osteoprotegerin system in vascular smooth muscle cells and autophagy in cardiomyocytes. Current evidence indicates that estrogen has an increasing effect on bone mineral density by multiple biochemical pathways: increasing calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal system, decreasing excretion of calcium in the kidneys, reducing bone resorption, such as enchanting osteoblasts, suppressing osteoclasts by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts by essentially inhibiting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand-osteoprotegerin system. Recent studies showed a significant relationship between coronary artery calcification and osteoporosis due to estrogen’s role in these pathogeneses, which can be prevented by using estrogen hormone therapy for post- menopausal women. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms of estrogen in the development of coronary artery calcification and osteoporosis and the effects of estrogen hormone therapy on cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women.Öğe Editorial(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2021) Çifcibaşı, Hilal SenaDear readers,I would like to present to you TMSJ’s June issue of 2021. In this issue, you will find 11 articles: consisting of 1 editorial, 3 reviews, 4 original articles, and 3 case reports. Below you can find quick synopses for these articles.Having discussed its distinct and precise anatomy, it is essential to know the variations that might lead to pathologies. Besides its anat- omy, various pathological cases should be kept in mind, essentially for surgical interventions and postoperative follow-ups. Successful sur- gery without incurring significant neurovascular morbidity in this region depends on the detailed knowledge of its vascular anatomy and pathologies. Therefore, Ersoy et al. describe anterior cerebral circulation in a literature review. Şenödeyici et al. aim to discuss the historical development, working mechanisms, present and future clinical applications of zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, and prime editors, while presenting the ethical aspects of using these genomes editing tools. Ersoy et al. illustrate iron metabolism in the human body and its pathophysiology during heart failure and give a comprehensive overview of the studies and trials investigating the role of iron in heart failure.Öğe Retrospective Analysis of the Impacts of Treatment Regimens on the Progression and Prognosis of Diabetic Retinopathy and Visual Acuity in Trakya University School of Medicine(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2021) İzzettinoğlu, Mustafa Ömer; Garip, RüveydeAims: To retrospectively analyze the impacts of treatment regimens on progression and prognosis of diabetic retinopathy and visual acuity in Trakya University Hospital. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with patients who were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy in the Ophthalmology Department of Trakya University Hospital between January 2006 and January 2020. Results: Initially, 798 eyes from 399 patients diagnosed with diabetic reti- nopathy met the inclusion criteria. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy was present on 202 (50.6%) patients, and 197 (49.4%) patients had proliferative diabet- ic retinopathy. Twenty-five patients (6.2%) had proliferative diabetic retinopathy progression. Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy progression had no difference in terms of cataract surgery, gender, and hypertension existence than the ones who did not experience proliferative diabetic retinopathy progression. There was no relation between stability, increase or decrease of visual acuity, the type of diabetes, retinal laser photocoagulation treatment, and the type of in- travitreal injection. Conclusion: Our study showed that retinal laser photocoagulation treatment and cataract surgery had no significant impact on visual acuity prognosis, unlike the initial examination visual acuity values. Additionally, it was also shown that the different types of intravitreal injections made no dissimilar results on visual acuities. In addition, in our study, it was revealed that gender, presence of hypertension, and cataract surgery may not have a significant relation with proliferative diabetic retinopathy progression. Further studies are needed to thoroughly reveal the relation between the treatment regimens, progression, and prognosis of the disease.Öğe Effects of Acute Physical Exercise and Acute Mental Exercise on Simple Visual Reaction Time(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2019) Kef, Berkay; Elibol, Alperen; Şenyiğit, Ece; İpsalalı, Hasan Orkun; Gölbaşı, Umutcan; Atay, Fatih Erkan; Mutlu, Arda UlaşAims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of acute physical exercise and acute mental exercise on visual reactiontime in healthy medical students. Methods: We used a simple reaction time task software developed by the researchers to measure the visual reaction times of the subjects. Reaction times of subjects as well as pulse rates were measured on three different occasions: basal (resting), post acute mental exercise and post acute physical exercise. The acute physical exercise was constructedto last for 5 minutes in a way that would double the basal pulse rate of the participant. The acute mental exercise was induced byfive minutes of ADD-3 arithmetics. All volunteered physically healthy medical students from four different medical schools inTurkey without red-green color deficiencies were included in the study. Results: A total of 232 (136 male, 96 female) individualswith a mean age of 20.79 ± 1.42 were included in the study. Differences between basal reaction time and post-physical exercisereaction time; the basal reaction time and post-mental exercise reaction time were found to be statistically significant. Basalreaction time of participants was found to be the key element deriving both post-mental and physical exercise reaction times.Also, one unit increase in the number of ADD-3 problems solved was associated with 0.21 units decrease in post-mental exercisereaction time. Conclusion: Both acute mental exercise and acute physical exercise can shorten visual reaction time. Our resultsalso indicate that there might be a relationship between arithmetic capability (ADD-3 arithmetics performance) and visual reaction time. Keywords: Exercise, pulse, reaction time, softwareÖğe The Evaluation of Musculoskeletal System Tumors and Tumor Like Lesions in Thrace Region(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2018) Şenyiğit, Ece; Söyleyici, Begüm; İşkan, Nur Gülce; Çifcibaşı, Hilal Sena; Göztepe, Aslı; Çiftdemir, MertAims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the data belonging to patients who were diagnosed with benign or malignant soft tissue and bone tumors and tumor-like lesions evaluated by musculoskeletal tumor study group of Trakya University Faculty of Medicine in between January 2013 and June 2017 and the relationship between the frequency of benign, malignant bone and soft tissue tumors and tumor-like lesions, with the patients’ age and gender. Methods: The data of 687 patients who were evaluated by the musculoskeletal tumor study group of Trakya University Faculty of Medicine between January 2013- June 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. All of the data was analyzed by using SPSS. Chi-square analysis was used to obtain categorical data in order to point out the distribution of age and gender of patients with musculoskeletal system tumors and tumor-like lesions. Results: The number of patients over the period from January 2013 to June 2017 was 687. The number of patients who were evaluated by biopsy and acquired histopathologic confirmation of their condition was 341. The mean of patients’ ages was 44.3±21.4 (4-92). Among 341 patients, 106 (47.1%) patients were female and 119 (52.9%) patients were male. The mean of females’ ages was 43.7±20.4 (4-92). The mean of males’ ages was 44.7±22.4 (5-90). Conclusion: Benign bone and soft tissue tumors were more common than malignant tumors. Benign bone tumors were predominantly seen in young adults. Our results was consistent with the literature however due to some patients who did not need a pathological sampling, our sample size was smaller than intended. With better archived information, more consistent results could be obtained in further studies.Öğe Analysis of Risk Factors in Patients Who Have Undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery and Valve Replacement Surgery(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2019) Atay, Fatih Erkan; Söyleyici, Begüm; Elibol, Alperen; Hünkar, Pelinsu Elif; Tan, Berfin; Yüksel, VolkanAims: The aim of the study is to investigate differences in usual cardiovascular risk factors’ and comorbidities between the patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and valve replacement surgery at Cardiovascular SurgeryDepartment of Trakya University School of Medicine. Methods: In this study, patients who had coronary artery bypass graftingsurgery and valve replacement surgery at Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Trakya University School of Medicine between01.01.2018 and 31.12.2018 were analyzed retrospectively. All data regarding the type of cardiovascular operation, habits of smoking, alcohol consumption, family history, chronic diseases and laboratory findings were analyzed using R version 3.5.0. Results:The total number of patients in the study was 130. There were 106 patients who had coronary bypass grafting surgery, 90 (95.4%)of them were male and 16 (4.6%) of them were female. The number of the patients who had valve replacement surgery was 24where 15 (62.5%) of them were female and 9 (37.5%) were male. Differences in patients’ high-density lipoprotein levels, fastingblood glucose levels along with gender, habits of smoking, diabetes mellitus status and alcohol consumption between coronaryartery bypass grafting surgery and valve replacement surgery groups were found statistically significant. Conclusion: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are very dynamic and multifactorial. In our analysis, there was a significant difference betweenrisk factors for coronary artery bypass and valve replacement surgeries including high-density lipoprotein levels, fasting bloodglucose levels, diabetes mellitus, gender and smoking status. The variability may alter according to the living standards, culture,educational status among patients. Keywords: Coronary disease, coronary artery, surgery, risk factorsÖğe A Modern Renaissance Or An Ethical Conundrum: Reviewing the Implications of Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Radiology(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2021) Manan, Muhammad Romail; Manan, HamnaRecent progress in the field of artificial intelligence has found its way into the diverse realms of medical imaging and radiology, raising questions regarding its po- tential, efficiency, accuracy, and reliability. This review aims to educate radiologists and medical students regarding the uncharted world of artificial intelligence through the discussion of its achievements in radiology while keeping an ethical and prognostic outlook in mind. Artificial intelligence, through the application of its subsets (i.e. machine learning and deep learning), has caused vast expansions in radiology, such as automating diagnoses. Pneumonia, pneumothorax, pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary nodules, etc. can now be detected through the use of various artificial intelligence algorithms. However, the acceptability of these highly accurate systems is still a matter of massive doubt. Educating the healthcare professionals in this regard would alleviate the fear of an unknown com- puting system while also answering numerous misconceptions. Moreover, with acceptability comes a huge moral and ethical responsibility. Ethical codes need to be devised that provide appropriate solutions to the moral problems connected with artificial intelligence. Thus, with all of these factors under consideration, artificial intelligence has enormous potential in the field of radiology and will broaden the horizon of healthcare professionals by creating a greater number of computing-related opportunities.Öğe Evaluation of Thoracolumbar Injuries in Trakya University School of Medicine According to Aospine Classification System(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2020) Aksu, Gonca; Saran, Sercan; Oflaz, Mahmut Sami; Çiftdemir, MertAims: This study aims to classify the thoracolumbar spinal injuries that were treated in Trakya University School of Medicineaccording to the recent Thoracolumbar AOSpine injury score and crosscheck the classified data with categorical modifiers suchas gender, trauma type and treatment type. Methods: AOSpine Classification System was used to classify thoracolumbar spinalinjuries. Classes were compared with patients’ gender, age, trauma energy and treatment type. Pearson Chi-Squared test and Shapiro-Wilk test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The total number of patients was 248. One hundred fifty-two (61.3%)were male and 96 (38.7%) were female. One hundred and three (86.6%) patients had high-energy trauma and 16 (13.4%) patientshad low-energy trauma in a total of 119 operated patients. Relationship between treatment type and AOSpine Classification System statistically significant. There was also a significant difference between trauma energy and AOSpine Classification Systemtypes. Conclusion: As a conclusion, gender and trauma energy were found to have a relationship and higher energy traumas weremost likely to cause spinal fractures. In addition, AOSpine classification system may be one of the confounding factors regardingthe choice of treatment. Keywords: Classification, spine, injuryÖğe An Investigation on the Anticancer Effect of Spider Web in Human Cervical Cell Line(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2019) Özkan, Aslı Nur; Doğanlar, OğuzhanAims: The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-cancer and anti-proliferative effect of spider web extract, and mitochondrial apoptosis signaling response via gene expression levels belonging to caspase-3 depended apoptosis in both healthy Astrocyte and cancerous HeLa cell lines. Methods: We used HeLa and C8-D1A Astrocyte type I clone cell lines as the human cervical cancer and healthy cell line, respectively. We treated the cells with spider web extract and performed MTT assay. IC50 was calculated by probit analysis. Molecular fluorescence staining and TALI cytometer measurements were also applied. The response of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to spider web extract treatment was analyzed by the qRT-PCR assay. Results: The spider web extract administered in different concentrations to the HeLa cell line reduced cell viability at a statistically significant level after 24 hours of application. In the astrocyte cell line, the spider web extract did not cause statistically significant cell death. In the analysis of gene expressions, a strong mitochondrial apoptosis signaling was observed. Conclusion: While spider web extract does not cause any cytotoxic effects on healthy cell lines, it causes a strong fatal effect in cancer cell line. In addition, IC50 dose of the spider web extract is satisfying compared to many other natural products in the market which have anti-cancer effects. Spider web extract causes a programmed cell death by following death signaling pathwaysÖğe Evaluation of Malnutrition Statuses in Systolic Heart Failure Patients(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2019) Özyiğit, İrmak İrem; Koçyiğit, Beliz; Söyleyici, Begüm; Uçar, Fatih MehmetAims: The aim of this study is to determine the malnutrition statuses of patients with systolic heart failure in Trakya University Hospital and Edirne Sultan 1st Murat State Hospital.Methods: Mini Nutritional Assessment was used to determine the patients’ malnutrition statuses. In addition, patients’ transthoracic echocardiography results, biochemistry tests, hemograms, medications and habits were evaluated with patients’ nutritional scores. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparing the results and Pearson?2 test and Fischer’s exact test were used to obtain categorical data. Results: The total number of subjects in the study was 66 (61 patients from Trakya University Hospital; 5 patients from Edirne Sultan 1st Murat State Hospital). The mean age of all subjects was 65.3 ± 11.1. Out of all patients, 17 of them were female, while 49 of them were male. The mean Mini Nutrition Assessment score was 21.9 ± 4.7. In total, 34 patients had an adequate nutritional status, 25 patients were at risk of malnutrition and 7 patients were malnourished. Conclusion: Although malnourished patients were detected, well – nourished patients were higher. Therefore, it could be said that patients with heart failure are conscious of their health and diet. It is crucial for the health care providers to maintain giving advices on healthy living and nutrition to keep this elderly population well–nourishedÖğe The Influence of Intercurrent Diseases on the Course of Hiv in Association With Active Tuberculosis(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2019) Kolotylo, Tetiana; Petrochenkov, Hennadii; Gritsiuk, OrestAims: We aimed to establish the features of the course of HIV in association with active tuberculosis in the presence of other secondary diseases and opportunistic infections. Methods: In this research, 155 HIV patients with active newly diagnosed tuberculosis and 76 diagnosed only with tuberculosis have been comprehensively immunologically examined. The HIV/Tuberculosis group was divided into 3 subgroups depending on the time of adherence of Tuberculosis to HIV infection. STATISTICA 6.0 was used for data analysis, and when the number of observations is less than 20, the Wilcoxon nonparametric method for independent populations or the dispersive analysis of Kruskal-Wallis was used. In addition, Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two independent groups. Results: The number of CD4 + T-lymphocytes was lower compared with patients without secondary ailments. However, the level of serum concentration and spontaneous production of IL-4 and IFN-?, as well as VL HIV was higher in the presence of other secondary diseases. Conclusion: In the presence of secondary diseases and opportunistic infections, the number of CD4 + T-lymphocytes was lower, and the level of serum concentration and spontaneous production of IL-4, IFN-? and viral load was higher compared to patients without these ailments. In the case of secondary diseases and opportunistic infections, the frequency of death of patients was significantly higher than in their absenceÖğe The Investigation of University Students’ Knowledge on Nutrition and Eating Habits(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2018) Koçak, Ertuğrul; Parlak, Atakan Muhammet; Kızılkaya, Orkun Salih; Bardakçı, Burak; Kılıç, Musa Eralp; Eskiocak, SevgiAims: The aim of this study is to analyze Trakya University School of Medicine students’ knowledge on nutrition and their eating habits. In addition, it is aimed to determine whether there is a relation between knowledge and nutrition habits and whether medical education is enough to learn the correct information. Methods: The study conducted in May 2018 was carried out by questionnaires given to 681 students, which were composed of 240 first graders, 98 second graders, 78 third graders, 143 fourth graders, and 110 fifth graders. Chi-square method was used to determine the relation between the class and the gender. Results: Out of all students 30.4% of them thought that it is harmful to eat fish and yogurt together. 80.3% of them had the idea that consuming calcium in their diet does not increase iron absorption. 66.9% of the participants declared that they drink tea without sugar.Conclusion: It was determined that the students do not apply the information they know correctly to their daily lives. In some questions, it was observed that the students’ knowledge about nutrition is insufficient. In order to correct the eating habits and to create public awareness of nutrition, courses about nutrition should be included in the curriculum of medical students.Öğe New Treatment Approaches to Prevent Premature Rupture of Membranes in Pregnant Women With Varicose Disease(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2018) Tekwani, Vinisha; Vamsi, Varahabhatla; Nataliya, GaidaiAims: To investigate modern methods to prevent premature rupture of membranes by the use of chlorhexidine inpregnant women with varicose disease.Methods: The data of 39 pregnant women with varicose disease, who delivered between 2014 and 2016 at MaternityHospital No. 3, Zaporozhye were analyzed using SPSS software. Patients were divided in 3 groups according totheir medical history, complications during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period. The 1st group consistedof 13 pregnant women who did not receive prenatal vaginal douching with chlorhexidine; the 2nd group consistedof 13 patients with varicose disease, who received douching of birth canal with vaginal suppositories with chlorhexidine1 time per day for 10 days before their delivery, but did not undergo a rehabilitation at the sanatorium; and the3rd group had 13 pregnant women who received sanatorium rehabilitation at ‘‘Veliki lug’’ during the II. trimester oftheir pregnancy with the course of 1 chlorhexidine suppository per day for 10 days before delivery.Results:In the 1st group, the percentage of premature death was 61.5%; anemia and significant ultrasound markerswere present in 46.2%; the percentage for the presence of hematometra was 38.5%; premature rupture of membranes,anomalies of labor and polyhydroamniosis were 30.8%; chorioamnionitis 15.4%; and intrauterine infection offetus was 7.7%. In the 2nd group, anemia was present in 35%, 23.1% showed anomalies of labor; premature ruptureof membranes, ultrasound markers, premature death, and hematometra were present in 15.4%. Whereas in the 3rdgroup, anemia and anomalies of labor were present in 15.4%, premature rupture of the membranes and prematuredeath were present in 7.7% of the patients.Conclusion: With its broad antibacterial and antiviral effect, chlorhexidine in antiseptic form was found to bebeneficial and it is found to promote the restoration of the vaginal microflora.Öğe Effects of Hypermobility on Schober Test and Chest Expansion Scores(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2017) Girit, Çağrı; Varnalı, Semih; Çifcibaşı, Hilal Sena; Birtane, MuratAims: Hypermobility is a condition which increases the joint mobility range. Beighton method is used in diagnosisof hypermobility. Schober test and chest expansion measurement are frequently used to evaluate mobility of spineand expansion ability of chest in ankylosing spondylitis volunteers. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the impactof hypermobility on Schober test and chest expansion.Methods: The data of 300 healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 32 was collected. Beighton score, chest expansionand Schober score of all volunteers were measured and statistically analyzed using SPSS. Student’s t-test wasperformed to compare both groups. As for descriptive statistics, mean ± standard deviation and numbers were used.Results: One hundred twenty-two cases having Beighton score of 4 and above included in hypermobility groupwhile 178 cases under 4 served as control group without hypermobility. No significant relation in terms of chest expansionand Schober score was found out between groups. There was a slight positive correlation between Beightonscore and Schober score in whole group. In male population, both test scores had a correlation with Beighton scorewhile only chest expansion had correlation in female population.Conclusion: Although Beighton score seemed to have no effect on Schober or chest expansion scores in betweengroup comparisons, correlation analysis revealed that hypermobility may affect the scores, especially in males.Öğe The Importance of Individual Clinical and Laboratory Indicators in the Differential Diagnosis of Postpartum Septic Complications(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2018) Vamsi, Varahabhatla; Tekwani, Vinisha; Ivanovich, Pavliuchenko MyhaeloAims: To perform a comparative analysis of individual clinical and laboratory indicators in the differential diagnosis of conditionally limited and generalized forms of postpartum septic complications.Methods: The study included 34 patients at Gynecology Department of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Clinical Hospital from 2013 to 2016 with postpartum purulent-septic diseases. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of 15 women who were diagnosed with a conditionally limited postpartum purulent-inflammatory disease (endometritis). Group II included 19 women with generalized forms of postpartum purulent-inflammatory diseases (peritonitis, sepsis). For the diagnosis of Multiple Organ Failure due to sepsis, we used the Sequential (Sepsis-Related) Organ Failure Assessment and quick Sequential (Sepsis-Related) Organ Failure Assessment. The differences between the first and second group were assessed by using the Mann-Whitney U test and STATISTICA Version 10. Results: Body temperature was increased in all 34 patients. The average heart rate in group I was 91.6 ± 8.35 beats/ min and 102.26 ± 16.42 beats/min in group II. The average respiratory rate was 19.07 ± 2.49 breaths/min in group I and 24.16 ± 5.09 breaths/min in group II. In group I, none of the patients scored a total of two or more points on the Sequential (Sepsis-Related) Organ Failure Assessment and quick Sequential (Sepsis-Related) Organ Failure Assessment scales; in group II, there were 5 (26.32%) patients who had scored two points or more on the Sequential (Sepsis-Related) Organ Failure Assessment scale; and 2 (10.53%) patients had scored 2 points or more in the quick Sequential (Sepsis-Related) Organ Failure Assessment scale. Conclusion: Clinical cases of postpartum period with inflammation of uterus and signs of multiple organ failure should be; regarded as a septic state, assessed by the Sequential (Sepsis-Related) Organ Failure Assessment scale as they require urgent medical help.Öğe Prevalence, Causes and Patterns of Anxiety Towards Examinations and Attitude Towards Coping: a Study Among Medical Students(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2016) Tassadaq, Mohammad Munaim; Naseem, Muhammed; Zafar, MehnazAims: The objective of this study is to assess symptoms of test anxiety among medical students and its association with various academic, social and health-related factors. The specific aims are to determine: the prevalence of symptoms of test anxiety, the factors responsible for and different patterns of test anxiety, the correlation of socio-demographic data with test anxiety in medical students and the attitude towards coping strategies developped by them to deal with test anxiety.Methods: A sample size of 200 medical students meeting the inclusion criteria and giving consent was chosen from all professional years from the Ras Al-Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University. The tools used were Visual Analogue Scale indicating severity of anxiety, Test Anxiety Inventory, and a self-designed questionnaire to correlate the various predisposing factors.Results: Results showed 45.5% of the students felt severe examination-related anxiety. Female gender, peer pressure, insufficient sleep, mealtime irregularity, inability to concentrate, concern about previous examination results, perception of the course load as heavy and interpersonal issues were found to be correlated with the severity of examination-related anxiety.Conclusion: Examination-related anxiety has a great impact on medical students, often leading to maladaptive behaviors which may have a negative effect on both examination performance and long-term mental and physical health. We recommend that students receive counseling to cope with this anxietyÖğe A Case Report: Ictal Bradycardia in a Patient With Syncopal Attacks(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2017) Demirci, Koray; Güldiken, BabürhanAims: Ictal bradycardia is characterized as the presence of bradycardia during the ictal discharge and mostly seen in left temporal zone originated seizures. It could lead to conditions such as syncope, asystole and severe injuries. With this case report, it is aimed to emphasize the importance of applying 24-hour video electroencephalographyelectrocardiography monitoring in patients with unexplained loss of consciousnessÖğe Distance Education in Medical Schools: the Experience and Opinions of Academicians and Students(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2020) Çifcibaşı, Hilal Sena; Kef, Berkay; Özyiğit, Irmak İrem; Sayın, Sezin; Göztepe, Aslı; Güven, Selis Gülseven; Atıcı, SerkanAims: This study aims to identify the thoughts and opinions of medical schools’ students and academicians about the distance medical education and examination system that has been rapidly applied during the COVID-19 pandemic Methods: A ques- tionnaire was prepared via Google Forms which consisted of a total of 3 sections. Informed consent was obtained in the first section and participants were directed to “student” or “academician” section. There were 28 questions for the students and 24 questions for the academicians. Categorical variables were demonstrated as numbers and percentages, whereas continuous variables were presented as minimum, maximum, and mean values. Chi-squared test was used to compare preclinic and clinic year students, and the academicians in preclinic, medical, and surgical fields. Results: A total of 321 participants completed the questionnaire. The mean participant ages were 21.4 years and 41.68 years for the students and the academicians, respectively. Only 30% of the students thought the distance education lessons were beneficial while it was 35.5% for the academicians. 25.8% of the academicians and 29.6% of the students were indecisive on the matter. When the examination process was taken into account 67.7% of the academicians and 56.9% of the students thought the online examinations were not reliable. Conclusion: It is predicted that the pandemic process will continue in the next academic years. Considering the current situation, distance education seems to be the best option to ensure that the learning process can continue while protecting the health of students and academicians. Although distance education is not sufficient by itself in medical education during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, it is a method that should be used in almost every field of medical education, especially in the preclinical phase. Both the distance education, and online examination process require improvements and they are needed to be supported with face to face lectures and practices.Öğe The Fourth Horseman of 21St Century: Covid-19 Pandemic(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2020) Kadribey, İnci; Akay, Fatih ErkanAs the end of 2020 is approaching, its finest message to all of us has been how a pernicious virus like Sars-CoV-2 can change the pace of the world, by being an impetus to a global pandemic. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. Since then, it has infected more than 40 million and killed at least 1.1 million people as this review was written (October 2020). However, the 2020's come not only with challenges, such as the pandemic itself, but also with opportunities for possible breakthroughs. Throughout human history, physicians examined their patients by touching them, arranged appropriate treat- ments by diagnosing them applying both usual and unusual methods, and tried their best to protect public health, in some cases even by testing the drugs and vaccines they discovered on themselves first. Bedside medicine to hospital medicine, followed by laboratory medicine, are the three crucial cornerstones accepted in the medical history. We now face a fourth potential corner- stone-to-be: could the telecommunication of physicians with their patients through the internet become the fourth essential cornerstone in the history of medicine?
