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    Characteristics and analysis of risk factors for mortality in infective endocarditis
    (2006) Leblebicioglu H.; Yilmaz H.; Tasova Y.; Alp E.; Saba R.; Caylan R.; Bakir M.
    Objective: The aim of our study was to establish the etiology of and risk factors for infective endocarditis (IE) and determine the prognostic factors for adverse outcome during hospital admission in a Turkish population. Material and Methods: Between January 2002 and January 2004, the clinical and laboratory features of 112 consecutive adult patients (>18 years) with diagnosis of IE who were referred to the infectious diseases clinics/departments of 17 teaching hospitals in Turkey were evaluated. Cases of IE were defined according to the modified Duke Criteria. Mortality was defined as death occurring within 30 days or during hospital stay period. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to predict the factors related to fatal outcome. Results: A total of 112 consecutive patients presented with 101 definite and 11 probable IE episodes were defined according to the modified Duke Criteria. The mean age was 45.2±19.9. Fifty percent of the patients were male. Ninety (60.4%) of the 112 patients had risk factors for IE and 48 (42.9%) of them had ?2 risk factors. On the other hand, 49.1% of patients had cardiac risk factors. Blood cultures were positive in 94 (83.9%) cases. Staphylococci were the most common agents (50.0%), followed by streptococci (28.7%) and enterococi (16.0%). Native cardiac valves were detected in 93 (83%) of the episodes of suspected IE. Valvular involvement was present in 103 (92%) patients; the mitral valve, alone or in combination with other valves, was affected in 70 (62.5%) of the patients. Echocardiography detected vegetations in 105 patients (93.8%). The mortality rate was 28.6%. Three factors were independently associated with mortality: haemodialysis OR: 14.5 (95% CI: 1.5-138.2), mobile vegetation OR: 4.8 (95% CI: 1.5-15.4) and mental alteration OR: 4.1 (95% CI: 1.1-15.6). Conclusion: Mortality is still high in IE. Our data indicate that patients with altered mental status, mobile vegetation, or on haemodialysis had poorer prognosis. © Springer 2006.
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    Green synthesized silver nanoparticles with Cotinus Coggygria extract and kappa-carrageenan has antioxidant capacity
    (American Institute of Physics Inc., 2023) Yilmaz H.
    There are many different nanomedicinal products for biomedical purposes such as metal nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles are studied due to their catalytic, antibacterial properties and stability. It has also been reported that silver nanoparticles synthesized by green chemistry using plant sources that have antioxidant properties. Cotinus Coggygria, known as the smoke tree, has medically valuable antibacterial, antioxidant and wound healing compounds. Kappa-carrageenan (kappa-CRG) is a marine polysaccharide mostly used as food ingredient, but recently gained attention for biomedical purposes. Its gelling capacity, high viscosity, and biocompatibility, as well as its antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, etc. properties, make it a useful biopolymer for nanomedicine. In this study, silver nanoparticles and kappa-carrageenan coated silver nanoparticles were synthesized with the mixture obtained by adding varying amounts of kappa-carrageenan to Cotinus Coggygria extract. Silver nitrate was added to this mixture and allowed to react, then sonication was applied. After washing, a portion of samples were kept for 24 hours and DLS measurement performed. SEM, FTIR and antioxidant capacity analysis were also performed. DLS analysis revealed that coating with kappa-carrageenan reduced aggregation. FTIR analysis showed that the coating of silver nanoparticles was successful. Based on total reducing power analysis, the amount of inhibition of silver nanoparticles was 2-fold compared to ascorbic acid. In addition, although there was a slight decrease in the inhibition amount compared to silver nanoparticles with increased kappa-carrageenan coating, it still had almost twice the antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid. According to the results, kappa-carrageenan coated silver nanoparticles have the potential to be used for biomedical purposes. © 2023 Author(s).