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Öğe Assessment of Reduced Tolerance to Sound (Hyperacusis) in University Students(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2017) Yilmaz, Sule; Tas, Memduha; Bulut, Erdogan; Nurcin, ElcinIntroduction: Hyperacusis is defined as a reduction in tolerance to ordinary environmental sounds. Hyperacusis can occur in individuals of all age groups, making daily life difficult for the sufferers. Although there is no objective test to accurately diagnose hyperacusis, questionnaires are useful for the assessment of hyperacusis. The aim of this study was to explore the reduced sound tolerance in university students using a hyperacusis questionnaire (HQ). Materials and Methods: A total of 536 university students (300 females and 236 males) aged between 18 and 25 years, with a mean age of 21.34 +/- 1.87 years, were assessed using an HQ developed by Khalfa. The mean total score of all the participants was 16.34 +/- 7.91, and 5.78% of the participants had total scores indicating hyperacusis, where a majority of them were females. Results: Females had significantly higher scores than men in terms of both the total and the attentional and emotional dimensions. The scores of the participants who reported noise exposure or a decrease in their tolerance to noise were significantly higher than those of the other participants. Even among young adults, there was a group of participants suffering from some problems related to decreased tolerance to everyday sounds. Discussion: Although the Turkish translation of the HQ seems to be a reliable tool for evaluating hyperacusis in young adults, further work with various populations of different age groups is required to establish validity and to assess the psychometric qualities of the Turkish form.Öğe Contralateral Suppression of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Children with Fluency Disorders(Aves, 2017) Bulut, Erdogan; Yilmaz, Sule; Tas, Memduha; Turkmen, Mehmet Turgay; Polat, ZahraObjective: This study was designed to investigate the auditory system functions of the medial olivocochlear efferents in children with and without fluency disorders. Methods: Twenty-four children aged 6-10 years with fluency disorder (age mean +/- SD=8.1 +/- 1.2) and 15 typically developing control subjects (age mean +/- SD=8.2 +/- 2.5) participated in this study. After obtaining approval of the local ethical committee and informed consents, all participants underwent otoscopic examination, audiological evaluation, Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions with contralateral suppression. All the participants had normal hearing and middle ear function. Results: When compared rates of TEOAE suppression effect in children with and without fluency disorders, a statistically significant difference was found in children with fluency disorder, especially in the left ear at 2 kHz frequency (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between right and left ears in terms of mean values (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that, although there is a difference between the groups in terms of percentage of cases in which suppression is detected at 2 kHz, it is necessary to support the findings with new investigations covering more cases in order to reach a judgment on the functioning of the MOC efferent system in children with fluency disorder.Öğe Evaluation of the Olivocochlear Efferent System Activation After Exposure to Music in Young Individuals(Aves, 2019) Bulut, Erdogan; Nurcin, Elcin; Yilmaz, Sule; Guven, Selis Gulseven; Tas, MemduhaObjective: In this study, a protective role of the olivocochlear efferent system activation on the hearing system in young individuals after music exposure (ME) was investigated. Methods: Twenty two young adults aged 19-22 years (mean age +/- standard deviation, 19.63 +/- 0.83) with normal hearing participated in the study. All participants listened to music at 85.4 dBA for 30 minutes. An audiological evaluation including pure tone audiometry, immittance measurements, Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs), and Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs) with and without contralateral acoustic stimuli (CAS) was done before ME, immediately after ME, and after a rest period. Results: No significant differences in pure tone audiometry and the DPOAE signal-to-noise ratio (S/N-R) results were found among the three measurement sessions (before ME, immediately after ME, and after the rest period) in all measured frequencies (p>0.05). There was a significant increase in the contralateral stapes reflex threshold at 0.5 kHz, measured immediately after ME (p=0.02), while no significant difference was found in the measured frequency after resting (p>0.05). In the TEOAE S/N-R responses, a statistically significant decrease was found at 1 kHz (p=0.016) and 1.4 kHz (p=0.009) immediately after ME, whereas no significant difference was found between the TEOAE S/N-R responses measured before ME and after resting (p>0.05). Compared to the conditions before the exposure, there was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.001) in all center frequencies measured immediately after ME and after resting conditions in the TEOAE amplitudes obtained in the presence of CAS. Conclusion: The contralateral stapes reflex thresholds increase after ME, and a significant suppression effect of the TEOAE amplitudes in the presence of CAS suggests that the olivocochlear efferent system plays a role in protecting the auditory system from acoustic trauma.Öğe Investigation of Visual Motor Integration Skills in Children With Speech Sound Problems(Sage Publications Inc, 2016) Ercan, Zulfiye Gul; Yilmaz, Sule; Tas, Memduha; Aral, NerimanThe aim of this study was to investigate visual motor integration skills in children with speech sound disorders compared with age-matched controls. Sixty-five children aged from 5 to 61/2 years old (68% males, 32% females; M age=5.4, SD=0.5) participated in the study. Thirty-one of them had speech sound problems, and 34 were children without any problem in their speech. The Ankara Articulation Test for evaluating speech sound skills and the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration with its supplemental tests of Visual Perception and Motor Coordination were used in the study. Visual Motor Integration, Visual Perception, and Motor Coordination scores of children with speech sound disorders were significantly lower than those of controls.Öğe Otoacoustic Emissions in Young Children with Autism(Aves, 2017) Tas, Memduha; Yilmaz, Sule; Bulut, Erdogan; Polat, Zahra; Tas, AbdullahOBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) in young children with autism compared with those in an agematched control group. MATERIALS and METHODS: Thirty-eight children with autism aged 3-6 years and 27 typically developing (normally developing) control subjects participated in this study. All the participants had normal hearing and middle-ear function. Auditory brainstem responses were used to determine the hearing status in the autism group. Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were measured in the two groups. RESULTS: The TEOAE response level was higher in the autism group. Analysis of the DPOAE response showed that the mean emission levels at 1.5, 2, 3, and 6 kHz and signal/noise ratios at 2, 4, 6, and 8 kHz were higher in the autism group (p<0.05). The greatest between-group differences were observed in the DPOAE signal levels at 2, 3, and 6 kHz (p=0.000). No statistically significant difference was found between the noise levels in the autism and control groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The emission responses in the autism group were higher than those in the control group. The increase in DPOAEs at high frequencies may be related to the higher outer cell activation in the autism group. Further studies with larger sample sizes comprising younger children are needed to confirm the result and investigate the possible association between the increased OAEs and auditory sensitivity reported in autism.
