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Öğe Anatomical and Palynological Studies on Chaerophyllum astrantiae and C-aureum in Turkey(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2013) Yilmaz, Gulden; Tekin, MehmetIn this study, anatomical and palynological properties of Chaerophyllum astrantiae Boiss. & Bal. and C. aureum L. were determined for the first time. Cross sections of roots, stems, stem leaves and fruits of both species were examined. The leaves are amphistomatic and mesophyll is bifacial The fruit has two vittae on commissural face and four vittae on lateral and dorsal faces in both species. The palynological studies revealed that, C. astrantiae and C. aureum have tricolporate pollen type and perforate exine ornamentation under light microscope. Ratio of polar axis to equatorial axis is 2.15 in C. astrantiae and 2.05 in C. aureum. Thus, pollen shape is perprolate for both of the species.Öğe Comparative study of chemical composition and the antimutagenic activity of propolis extracts obtained by means of various solvents(Serbian Chemical Soc, 2023) Rasgele, Pinar G.; Sipahi, Nisa; Yilmaz, GuldenThe present study is aimed to evaluate the chemical characterization and antimutagenic potential of propolis extracted in three different solvents (ethanol, polyethylene glycol and water). The chemical properties of different extracts of propolis were identified using HPLC-DAD and LC- MS/MS and polyethylene glycol extract of propolis were found to be richer than the ethanolic and water extracts of propolis considering chemical composition. In addition, the antimutagenic activities of propolis extracts were determined using Ames assay. The concentrations of 3, 1.5 and 0.75 mg plate(-1) of ethanolic and polyethylene glycol extracts, as well as 0.3, 0.15 (sic) 0.075 mg plate(-1) of water extract of propolis were used as active materials. Propolis extracted in three different solvents indicated strong antimutagenic activity against both 4-nitro-o-phenylendiamine and sodium azide mutagens in the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and 100 strains at all concentrations. Ethanolic extract of propolis had the highest inhibition rates for both bacterial strains and these rates were 98.94 and 97.37 % for TA98 and TA100, respectively. The inhibition rates of polyethylene glycol extract of propolis ranged from 68.27 to 98.94%. Moreover, it was determined that water extract of propolis had the lowest inhibition rates, which were 56.86 and 55.35% for TA98 and TA100, respectively. The toxicological safety of natural products such as propolis has gained great importance due to extensive usage.Öğe Demonstration of the effects of Raxil (tebuconazole) on the cell wall (glycocalyx) of the root tip cells in onion (Allium cepa L.) using Alcian blue(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2007) Aktac, Tulin; Yilmaz, Gulden; Dane, Feruzan; Bakar, ElvanIn this study, the effect of Raxil FS 060 (60 g/L tebuconazole) on the cell wall of root tip cells of Allium cepa was investigated using the Alcian blue-specific interaction with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The bulbs with roots of A. cepa were treated with different concentrations of Raxil for two days. Germinated root tips of onions were stained with 1% Alcian blue 8 GX, and counter-stained with 2% aceto orcein solution for 5 min (acetic orcein squash method). In the root tips treated with different concentrations of Raxil (0.8%, 6.6% and 26.4% doses), it could be shown that the cell walls were thickened by increasing doses. Constrictions of protoplasm and dissolutions of nuclei in root tip cells were clearly observed. According to these results, it was concluded that the triazole fungicide, tebucanozole, might be toxic on the root tip cells of Allium cepa.Öğe Karyology of endemic Matthiola anchoniifolia Hub. -Mor. (Brassicaceae) in Turkey(Firenze Univ Press, 2013) Martin, Esra; Yilmaz, Gulden; Tekin, MehmetIn this paper, the karyological properties of an endemic plant for Turkey, Matthiola anchoniifolia Hub.-Mor. grown in the Sivas Province in Turkey, are studied. Karyotype was made on somatic metaphases using an Image Analysis System. The somatic chromosome number is determined as 2n = 12. The karyotype formula of this species consists of five median chromosome pairs and one submedian chromosome pair. The shortest chromosome length is 4.89 mu m, the longest is 9.18 mu m, and haploid chromosome length is 38.66 mu m. Photographs were taken using a BX51 Olympus microscope. An ideogram of the species was drawn using an Image Analysis System.Öğe Micellization and Related Behaviours of Polyoxyethylene-Type Non-ionic Surfactants on Root Elongation of Allium cepa L.(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2012) Yilmaz, Gulden; Akbas, Halide; Dane, Feruzan; Leventer, Sinem; Ozturk, FatmanurIn this study, polyoxyethylenated fatty alcohol ether (POE) nonionic surfactants polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (C12E23) (Brij 35); polyoxyethylene (10) cetyl ether (C16E10) (Brij 56); polyoxyethylene (10) stearyl ether (C18E10) (Brij 76); polyoxyethylene (10) lauryl ether (C12E10) (POE 10). A large proportion nonionic surfactants are made hydrophilic by the presence of a polyethylene glycol chain obtained by the polycondensation of ethylene oxide. They are called polyethoxylated nonionics. In this study the effects of polyoxyethylene-type nonionic surfactants on root elongation of Allium cepa L. were determined for a week under laboratory conditions in the concentration ranges of 5.00, 2.50 and 1.25 g/L (w/v) at 16 +/- 0.5 degrees C. It was determined that the stimulatory effect on root elongation becomes stronger when the number of ethylene oxide group (C2H4O) was increased in the POE surfactant. The stimulatory effect decreases in the order C18E10 > C16E10 > C12E23 > C12E10 due to the decreasing of the number hydrocarbons in the series.Öğe MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HERBICIDE ATTRIBUT (PROPOXYCARBAZONE-SODIUM) AND SURFACTANT BIOPOWER (SODIUM ALKYLETHER-SULPHATE) ON TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. CV. PEHLIVAN(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2012) Yilmaz, Gulden; Dane, Feruzan; Turan, Fatma NesrinThe goals of the study were to investigate morphological and physiological effects of herbicide Attribut (propoxycarbazone-sodium) and surfactant BioPower (sodium alkylether-sulphate) on Triticum aestivum L. cv. Pehlivan. For the experiments, Triticum aestivum were treated with Attribut at 4 different doses of 0.21, 0.42, 0.82 and 1.68 mM.. In order to evaluate the combined effects of BioPower and Attribut, 0.25% BioPower was added in each of applied Attribut doses. The laboratory studies showed that the EC (effective concentration) value corresponded to farmer value of (0.42 mM Attribut). Applications were done either by seed treatments or spreading. The toxic effects of each doses applied on wheat plants were monitored in terms of morphological and physiological parameters. STATISTICA AXA 7.1 statistical program which has number AXA507C775506FAN3 was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that root and shoot lengths during different growth periods of wheat and germination rates decreased, amounts of chlorophyll in leaves decreased while amount of protein in seeds increased with (0.82 mM Attribut), (0.82 mM Attribut + 0.25% BioPower) doses and more of that concentrations were found to be toxic for wheat plants. These toxic effects increased in use with BioPower.Öğe Palynological Studies of the Genus Convolvulus L. (Convolvulaceae) from Turkey(Soc Botanica Mexico, 2016) Tekin, Mehmet; Yilmaz, GuldenPollen morphology of six taxa of the genus Convolvulus (Convolvulus assyricus, C. betonicifolius subsp. betonicifolius, C. cataonicus, C. galaticus, C. lineatus, and C. pseudoscammonia) were investigated. Three of these taxa, C. assyricus, C. cataonicus and C. pseudoscammonia, are endemic to Turkey. Pollen grains were evaluated mainly for four diagnostic characteristics: pollen type, pollen shape, apertures and ornamentation. Following the measurements and observations, pollen grains were photographed under an optical and a scanning electron microscope. The pollen grains of the examined taxa are all 3-zonocolpate. The pollen shape is oblate, suboblate, oblate spheroidal or prolate spheroidal. The nexine is thinner than the sexine or equal, and the tectum is microechinate and rarely or densely perforated in all species except C. pseudoscammonia. Colpus borders and tapering ends are distinct and the colpus area is gemmate and granulate in all examined species.Öğe Phytotoxic effects of herbicide Attribut and surfactant BioPower on the root, stem and leaf anatomy of Triticum aestivum L.(Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Yilmaz, Gulden; Dane, Feruzan[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Phytotoxic effects of herbicide Attribut and surfactant BioPower on the root, stem, and leaf anatomy of Triticum aestivum 'Pehlivan'(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2013) Yilmaz, Gulden; Dane, FeruzanThis study was performed in order to determine toxic effects of different doses of Attribut (propoxycarbazone-sodium) used in wheat fields and BioPower (sodium alkyl ether sulphate) surfactant added to Attribut on Triticum aestivum L. 'Pehlivan'. The doses used in the study were 0.42 mM Attribut, 0.82 mM Attribut, and 1.68 mM Attribut with or without 0.25% BioPower. Laboratory studies showed that the effective concentration value corresponded to the farmer dose, 0.42 mM Attribut. Applications were done by seed treatment. The effects of each of the doses applied to wheat plants were monitored in terms of anatomical parameters. Attribut doses of 0.82 mM and above had toxic effects on wheat plants, and these effects increased with the use of BioPower. As a response to the stress, the diameter in the general structure of the roots narrowed, the cuticle thickened, cleavages in parenchyma cells developed, and cell walls in the sclerenchyma cells and endodermis thickened.Öğe Phytotoxic Effects of Non-ionic Surfactant Octylphenol Series (Triton X-100, Triton X-114, Triton X-405) on Onion(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2012) Dane, Feruzan; Yilmaz, Gulden; Akbas, Halide; Ozturk, Fatmanur; Leventer, SinemIn this study, three widely used octylphenol series non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114, Triton X-100 and Triton X-405 were selected to I examine their phytotoxic effects. They were evaluated under laboratory conditions using onion (Allium cepa L.) as a test material. The phytotoxic effects on root were determined after 7th days. Surfactants used in study were tested at three different surfactant concentrations, 5.00, 2.50 and 1.25 g/L (w/v) concentrations. The phytotoxicity results were based on the effective concentration that reduced root growth I I by 50 % (EC50). Some differences were observed between the effects of three types of surfactants. Stimulatory effects only occurred in I Triton X-405 while inhibitory effects occured in Triton X-100 and Triton X-114 at all concentrations. It was observed that inhibitory effects increased with increasing concentrations of Triton X-114 and Triton X-100.Öğe PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF SIX SURFACTANTS ON Allium cepa L. PLANTLETS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2012) Akbas, Halide; Dane, Feruzan; Yilmaz, Gulden; Ozturk, Fatmanur; Leventer, SinemIn this study, the effects of two anionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBSNa) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), one meric and one dimeric cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and gemini surfactant (16-2-16), and two non-ionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene tert-octylphenyl ether (Triton X-100) and polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brij 35) were evaluated under laboratory conditions using onions (A Ilium cepa L.) as test material. The phytotoxic effects of surfactant solutions were observed. The phytotoxic effects on roots were determined by measuring root elongations of onions for each day in a week under laboratory conditions at 16.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C, after treated them by different surfactants. All surfactants used in this study were tested at three different concentrations, 5.00, 2.50 and 1.25 g/L (w/v), and some differences were observed between the effects of them. The phytotoxic effects were observed on onions which treated by anionic, cationic surfactants and nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. Stimulatory effects only occurred on onions treated by Brij 35 while inhibitory effects were observed on onions treated by all concentrations of Triton X-100. It was observed that inhibitory effects increased with increasing concentrations of Triton X-100.Öğe Phytotoxicity Induced by Herbicide and Surfactant on stomata and epicuticular wax of Wheat(Ars Docendi, 2012) Yilmaz, Gulden; Dane, FeruzanThis study was performed in order to determine some of toxic effects of different doses of Attribut (propoxycarbazone-sodium) used in wheat fields and of BioPower (sodium alkylether-sulphate) surfactant added Attribut on epicuticular wax deposition and stomata on Triticum aestivum L. cv Pehlivan by scanning electron microscope. The doses used in the study were (0.42 mM Attribut) (Farmer Dose) (FD), (0.82 mM Attribut) (FD x 2), (1.68 mM Attribut) (FDx4) and the same doses including 0.25% of BioPower surfactant. Applications were done by seed and leaf treatments under field conditions. In SEM studies, in (FD x 2), (FD x 4), (FDS x 2) and (FDS x 4) applications, plasmolysis of the epiderma and morphological changes in the cuticle, unlike the control, were determined. It was observed in (FD x 2) and (FD x 4) applications that volumes of the stomata narrowed and they went into plasmolysis. In (FDS x 2) and (FDS x 4) applications, especially reduction in wax and alterations in wax crystals were determined.Öğe Seed Morphology Studies on some Veronica L. Species (Plantaginaceae) with Scanning Electron Microscopy(Ars Docendi, 2013) Yilmaz, GuldenIn this study, the seed coat surfaces of Veronica bozakmanii M. A. Fischer, V. arvensis L., V. polita Fries, V. triphyllos L., V. hederifolia and V. cymbalaria which had grown in European Turkey were scanned by scanning electron microscope for the first time. Testa surface characteristics and micromorphological properties of examined Veronica species were determined and given comparatively which was important for the identification of the species systematically.
