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    Effect of reinforcement size on the concrete / reinforcement bond strength
    (Thomas Telford Services Ltd, 2003) Turk K.; Yildirim M.S.; Caliskan S.
    Bond strength between reduced-water-content concrete and tensile reinforcement in spliced mode has been investigated. Three different diameters (12, 16 and 22mm) of tensile steel were spliced in the constant moment zone, where the load was applied to, in geometrically identical nine beams. An empirical equation has been derived to calculate the bond strength. It is found that there is a considerable size effect in the experimental results, i.e. as the diameter of the reinforcement reduces the bond strength and the ductility increases significantly, whilst the stiffness of the beams reduces.
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    Relationship between sensation and balance and gait in multiple sclerosis patients with mild disability
    (Elsevier B.V., 2024) Ozkul C.; Eldemir K.; Yildirim M.S.; Cobanoglu G.; Eldemir S.; Guzel N.A.; Irkec C.
    Background: Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) often experience sensory, balance, and gait problems. Impairment in any sensation may increase imbalance and gait disorder in PwMS. This study aimed to (1) compare foot plantar sensations, knee position sense, balance, and gait in PwMS compared to Healthy Individuals (HI) and (2) examine the relationship between plantar sensations, knee position sense, balance, and gait in PwMS. Methods: Thirty PwMS with mild disability and 10 HI participated in this study. Light touch threshold, two-point discrimination, vibration duration, and knee position sense were examined on the Dominant Side (DS) and Non-Dominant Side (NDS). Balance and spatio-temporal gait analysis were evaluated in all participants. Results: PwMS had higher postural sway with eyes closed on the foam surface, longer swing phase of DS, longer single support phase of NDS, and shorter double support phase of DS compared to HI (p < 0.05). The results of regression analysis showed that the light touch thresholds of the 1st and 5th toes of the DS were associated with postural sway in different sensory conditions (p < 0.05). In contrast, the light touch thresholds of the 1st and 5th toes, two-point discrimination of the heel, vibration duration of the 1st metatarsal head and knee position sense of the NDS, and light touch threshold in the medial arch of both sides were associated with the gait parameters (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PwMS, even with mild disabilities needs neurorehabilitation to improve plantar sensation and knee position sense. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.