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Öğe Ace gene polymorphisms are ineffective on contrast induced nephropathy(Elsevier, 2022) Kilic, Ilhan; Palabiyik, Orkide; Taylan, Gokay; Sipahi, Tammam; Ustundag, SedatBackground: The renin-angiotensin system regulates the haemodynamics. ACE gene polymorphisms are known to influence serum angiotensin converting enzyme level. Contrast nephropathy develops after exposure to intravascular contrast media that influence vascular hemodynamics. ACE gene polymorpisms may have an enhancing role in contrast media related renal injury. The aim of the study: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) development. Methods: 194 patients with chronic kidney disease that were administered iodinated contrast media were examined. Patients were monitored for at least 7 days for CIN development after parenteral contrast exposure. Control and patient groups were divided in terms of CIN development status. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for the genotyping of the ACE gene polymorphism from DNAs that were isolated from peripheral blood of the patients. Results: 83 patients with CIN (34 women, 49 men) and 111 control patients without CIN (43 women, 68 men) were enrolled. Gender was not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.75). The average age of the CIN group (71) was greater than that of the control group (68). No association was detected between ACE gene polymorphism (II, ID AND DD genotypes) and CIN in both patients and controls. Conclusion: ACE gene polymorphisms does not influence contrast induced nephropathy development.Öğe Adrenal Insufficiency Secondary to Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis: A Case Report(Karger, 2019) Gokalp, Cenk; Yildiz, Faruk; Tuzun, Simge; Karadag, Gorkem; Kurultak, Ilhan; Ustundag, SedatPeritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis is one of the most important factors affecting the long-term success of PD. Adrenal insufficiency is a clinical manifestation of inadequate production of glucocorticoids with accompanying deficiency of mineralocorticoids and adrenal androgens. We present a 58-year-old PD patient who admitted to hospital with fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and confusion. The patient was treated with cephazolin and ceftazidime after the confirmation of peritonitis. Despite the resolution of peritonitis after 2 weeks with appropriate antibiotic treatment, the patient continued to suffer from vomiting, hypotension, and confusion. After the evaluation of basal serum cortisol and 250 mu g ACTH stimulation test, the patient had been diagnosed as adrenal insufficiency and treated with fludrocortisone 0.1 mg/day. Patients remaining vomiting, hypotension, and confusion symptoms were corrected after the fludrocortisone therapy. Following 2 months of successful treatment of adrenal insufficiency, the patient had adherence problem with fludrocortisone for 3-4 weeks. On an outpatient visit, serum ACTH and cortisol levels were normal despite the discontinuation of fludrocortisone and so the patient had been evaluated as partial adrenal insufficiency secondary to PD-related peritonitis. In conclusion, adrenal insufficiency should be kept in mind in PD patients suffering from hypotension and peritonitis.Öğe AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROESOPHAGIAL REFLUX DISEASE(Oxford Univ Press, 2020) Arabaci, Sule Ozdemir; Kurultak, Ilhan; Tezel, Ahmet; Ustundag, Sedat[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The Association of Gene Polymorphisms of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 with Ischemic Stroke in Turkish Subjects of Trakya Region(Aves Yayincilik, Ibrahim Kara, 2009) Sipahi, Tammam; Guldiken, Baburhan; Guldiken, Sibel; Ustundag, Sedat; Turgut, Nilda; Budak, Metin; Cakina, SuatObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) and AT1R (A1166C) gene polymorphisms in ischemic stroke patients in Trakya region and the relation between these gene polymorphisms and stroke subtypes and vascular risk factors. Patients and Methods: The study involved 162 patients with ischemic stroke and 146 control subjects. Ischemic stroke patients were divided into large and small vessel disease subgroups according to ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment TOAST criteria. The ACE I/D polymorphism was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the AT1R (A1166C) polymorphism was identified using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. Results: The ACE I/D genotype distribution in patients (DD=34.0%, ID=50.0%, II=16.0%) did not differ from those in controls (DD=34.3%, ID=49.7%, II=16.1%). The AT1R A1166C genotype distribution in patients (AA=58.0%, CA=34.6%, CC=7.4%) did not significantly differ from those in controls (AA=60.1%, CA=35.7%, CC=4.2%). There was also no difference among the stroke subgroups regarding the distribution of ACE I/D and AT1R (A1166C) polymorphisms. Conclusion: Our results show that ACE I/D and AT1R (A1166C) gene polymorphisms were not genetic risk factors for ischemic stroke in subjects in Trakya region.Öğe Atypical Presentation of Rectus Sheath Hematoma in a Hemodialysis Patient: Recurrent Abdominal Pain After Dialysis Sessions(Turk Nefroloji Diyaliz Transplantasyon Dergisi, 2017) Kilic, Ilhan; Kurultak, Ilhan; Ustundag, SedatRectus sheath hematoma is a rare but well-known cause of acute abdominal pain. Rectus sheath hematoma is largely misdiagnosed as seen rarely. As a fatal disorder it must be suspected especially in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy for any reason. Heparin exposure during hemodialysis sessions and uremic bleeding diathesis causes chronic hemodialysis patients to be vulnerable to rectus sheath hematoma. Rectus sheath hematoma may be mild and self-limiting but also be so severe that it threatens life because of hypotensive shock and anemia-related risks. The patient may present without symptoms, with abdominal pain or with hemodynamic shock. We present a case report describing a patient with recurrent abdominal pain due to rectus sheath hematoma exacerbating after hemodialysis sessions.Öğe Bilateral Basal Ganglia Lesions Associated with Lactic Acidosis in an End-Stage Renal Failure Patient(Turkish Neurological Soc, 2009) Guldiken, Baburhan; Ustundag, Sedat; Yilmaz, Arif; Cakir, HasanAlthough bilateral basal ganglia lesions are common in hypoxic encephalopathy and methanol intoxication, they are a rare finding in end-stage chronic renal failure. The pathophysiology of both bilateral and selective involvement of the basal ganglia is unclear, but severe metabolic acidosis is one of the affected processes. In this report bilateral basal ganglia lesions and accompanying signs, which ensued after the use of metformin in a patient with chronic renal failure, are discussed.Öğe Carotid intima media thickness is independently associated with urinary sodium excretion in patients with chronic kidney disease(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Ustundag, Sedat; Yilmaz, Gulay; Sevinc, Can; Akpinar, Seval; Temizoz, Osman; Sut, Necdet; Ustundag, AytenAtherosclerosis-induced premature vascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The pathogenetic mechanism of atherosclerosis in patients with CKD has not been fully explained. Experimental studies have demonstrated that high dietary sodium intake not only increases circulatory volume and blood pressure, but also facilitates development of atherosclerosis by reducing production-bioavailability of nitric oxide due to oxidative stress and accordingly by enhancing endothelial and arterial stiffness. In this study, we investigated the relationship between sodium consumption and carotid artery intima-media thickness, which is the indicator of atherosclerosis, by determining daily urinary sodium excretion, which is a reliable indicator of sodium consumption, in our patient group. Our patient group included 193 patients with stage 2-4 non-diabetic CKD and without a history of atherosclerotic disease. We determined that 77% of our patients have been consuming more than 2 g of sodium per day, which is the upper limit of sodium consumption recommended for patients with CKD. We determined a positive linear correlation between carotid artery intima-media thickness and patient age (p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), urinary sodium excretion (p < 0.001), body mass index (p = 0.002), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.002), hemoglobin (p = 0.030), triglycerides (p = 0.043), and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.049). We also found a negative linear correlation between carotid artery intima-media thickness and glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.008). We found that urinary sodium excretion is the determinant of intima-media thickness even if all factors associated with intima-media thickness are adjusted, and that intima-media thickness increases by 0.031 (0.004-0.059) mm per 2 g increase in daily sodium excretion, independent from overall factors (p = 0.025). Our results reveal a relation between urinary sodium excretion and carotid artery intima-media thickness and suggest that excessive sodium consumption predisposes development of atherosclerosis in patients with CKD.Öğe Cognitive Dysfunction in Chronic Renal Disease: Impact of Dialysis Modality(Turk Nefroloji Diyaliz Transplantasyon Dergisi, 2015) Ak, Recep; Ustundag, Sedat; Ustundag, Ayten; Guldiken, Baburhan; Sut, NecdetOBJECTIVE: Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and contributes to morbidity and mortality. We aimed to explore the factors involved in the development of CD in patients with CKD and to compare cognitive function between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. MATERIAL and METHODS: We studied 122 patients with different stages of CKD, and divided them into two groups: Predialysis Group: included 60 CKD patients, (28 stage III and 34 stage IV); Dialysis Group: included 60 patients on dialysis therapy, (30 on HD and 30 on PD). Psychometric tests were done all patients. The results were compared with 41 healthy subjects. RESULTS: We found that the CD rate was higher in patients with CKD (24.6%) than controls (0%, p<0.001). The Mini Mental Test score was found to be correlated with age (r=-0.428), hemoglobin (r=0.336), CRP (r=-0.311), and albumin (r=0.336); the Calculation Test score was found to be correlated with LDL cholesterol (r=-0.336); the Praxis Test Score was found to be correlated with duration of CKD (r=-0.204), HDL (r=0.188); and the Visual Memory Test score was found to be correlated with parathormone levels (r=-0.270). We found the CD rate to be higher in patients on HD (50%) than on PD (23.3%, p=0.032). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that anemia, malnutrition and inflammation play an important role in the development of CD in our patients, and cognitive functions are better preserved in the PD group than the HD group.Öğe Continuous venovenous hemodialysis may be effective in digoxin removal in digoxin toxicity: A case report(Wiley, 2020) Gokalp, Cenk; Dogan, Aysun Fatma; Aygun, Guray; Kurultak, Ilhan; Ustundag, SedatDigoxin is a cardiac glycoside that is used for the treatment of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Besides its careful close follow-up, toxicity affects nearly 1% of congestive heart failure patients. Cessation of the drug, appropriate electrolyte and rhythm control and digoxin-Fab antibody are the mainstay for toxicity treatment in these patients. As known, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are not effective by the means of digoxin removal. We present a 66-year-old patient who admitted to hospital with digoxin toxicity and severe acute kidney injury. The patient was treated with continuous venovenous hemodialysis because of her hypervolemia, hyperkalemia, cardiac instability, and the thought of probable decrease in digoxin levels concerning the continuous nature of solute clearance. Without the treatment using digoxin-specific Fab antibodies, the patient's digoxin level was decreased successfully with continuous venovenous hemodialysis. In conclusion, continuous venovenous hemodialysis may be a treatment option in digoxin toxicity especially those who suffer from severe renal dysfunction and cannot access digoxin antidote.Öğe Effect of Occupational Therapy in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Study(Aves, 2021) Inal, Ozgu; Kayihan, Hulya; Karahan, Sevilay; Ustundag, SedatObjective: Hemodialysis (HD) treatment may have negative effects on the occupational performance and quality of life of individuals. This study was planned to investigate the effect of client-centered occupational therapy (OT) intervention on occupational performance and quality of life in individuals receiving HD. Materials and Methods: In total, 42 randomly assigned individuals were divided into control (awareness training) and intervention (awareness training and client-centered OT) groups. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was utilized to evaluate the occupational performance, and Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form was used to assess the quality of life. Results: Improvement in both occupational performance and quality of life was determined in the intervention group after 8 weeks. In the control group, only the improvement was determined in the general health parameter of quality of life (p<0.05). Conclusion: OT interventions can contribute to improving occupational performance and quality of life of individuals receiving HD treatment, and these interventions can play an important role in the treatment process of these individuals.Öğe Effect of Six Months of Hemodialysis Treatment on Cognitive Function in Patients with End Stage Chronic Kidney Disease(Turk Nefroloji Diyaliz Transplantasyon Dergisi, 2018) Kilinc, Vildan Coban; Ustundag, Sedat; Ustundag, Ayten; Sut, NecdetOBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI), its facilitating factors, and the effect of hemodialysis treatment on cognitive function (CF) in patients with stage V Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). MATERIAL and METHODS: We investigated the prevalence of CI and its facilitating factors in 66 patients with CKD and analyzed the effect of hemodialysis on CF in 33 new hemodialysis patients. CF was evaluated in all patients by using the standardized mini mental test. RESULTS: CI was detected in 32% of our patients. We found a positive linear correlation between CI and lower educational status (p<0.001), elderly age (p=0.003), female gender (p<0.001), waist circumference (p=0.016), and urea levels (p=0.018). After 6 months of hemodialysis treatment, the CF score increased 0.5 points (p=0.092) and the rate of the patients with CI decreased to 27.3% from 39.4% (p=0.137). We observed that CI improves less with hemodialysis treatment in patients with high basal diastolic blood pressure (BP), (p=0.042). Although close to statistically significant, the improvement in CI was lower in patients with higher age (p=0.065), high basal mean BP (p=0.056) and basal systolic BP(r=0.269, p=0.135). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that evaluation of CI in CKD, elimination of its facilitating factors and not delaying hemodialysis when it is indicated decrease the morbidity and mortality due to CKD.Öğe The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, and it's combination therapies on development of diabetic nephropathy(Oxford Univ Press, 2006) Sen, Saniye; Ustundag, Sedat; Gonlusen, Gulfiliz; Kanter, Mehmet; Dogutan, Haluk; Ciftci, Senturk[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The effects of angiotensinogen M235T/T174M and angiotensin type 1 receptor A1166C gene polymorphisms on the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients(Aepress Sro, 2023) Yukcu, Fulya; Sipahi, Tammam; Guldiken, Sibel; Ustundag, Sedat; Sut, NecdetAIMS: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of angiotensinogen M235T/T174M and angiotensin type 1 receptor A1166C gene polymorphisms on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This study included 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic nephropathy patients (patient group) and 99 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic nephropathy (control group). Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were used to identify polymorphisms in the angiotensinogen M235T/T174M and angiotensin type 1 receptor A1166C genes.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in genotype frequencies of M235T gene polymorphism between patient and control groups (chi 2 = 4.01, df = 2, p = 0.13). There was no significant difference in genotype frequencies of T174M gene polymorphism between patient and control groups (X2 = 0.36, df = 2, p = 0.83). There was no significant difference in genotype frequencies of A1166C gene polymorphism between patient and control groups (chi 2 = 0.51, df = 2, p = 0.77).CONCLUSIONS: The results showed no significant difference in angiotensinogen M235T/T174M and angiotensin type 1 receptor A1166C gene polymorphisms between the patient and control groups. Future studies are needed to validate the results of this study and to explore underlying mechanisms (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 35). Text in PDF www.elis.skÖğe The Effects of Spironolactone on Nephron Function in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Ustundag, Ayten; Tugrul, Armagan; Ustundag, Sedat; Sut, Necdet; Demirkan, BoraIncreasing evidence suggests that circulating aldosterone per se contributes directly to renal and cardiovascular diseases. We sought to evaluate the effects of a three-month treatment with 25 mg spironolactone, an aldosterone receptor antagonist, on nephron function in 20 type II diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria, despite at least six months' use of an ACEi or ARB (combination group), and in eleven type II diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria who have never used an ACEi or an ARB (spironolactone group). In the combination group, urinary protein excretion (UPE, p = 0.015), urinary albumin excretion (UAE, p = 0.010), and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR, p = 0.007) decreased, and serum potassium (sK+, p = 0.004) was significantly elevated. ACR (p = 0.016) decreased significantly in the spironolactone group. In 31 patients given spironolactone (all patients group), UPE (p = 0.019), UAE (p = 0.002), and ACR (p = 0.011) decreased, and serum creatinine (sCr, p = 0.025) and sK+ (p = 0.002) were significantly elevated. Changes in albuminuria showed a positive correlation with changes in GFR (p = 0.002) and a negative correlation with changes in sCr (p = 0.007), and changes in ACR showed a negative correlation with changes in sCr (p = 0.004) in all patient groups. In our study, we observed that spironolactone, both alone and in combination with ACEi/ARB treatment, was well tolerated, and that it slowed down the progression of diabetic nephropathy with a marked antialbuminuric effect. Our results showed that the antialbuminuric effect developed by the decrease of intraglomerular pressure, particularly in patients with persistent microalbuminuria despite long-term ACEi/ARB treatment; adding aldosterone blockers to treatment was beneficial.Öğe The effects of vitamin C alone or in combination with L-Carnitine in experimental myoglobinuric acute renal failure (MARF)(Oxford Univ Press, 2006) Ustundag, Sedat; Sen, Saniye; Yalcin, Omer; Cukur, Ziya; Demirkan, Bora[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Endocarditis and Calcific Uremic Arteriolopathy: Is it a Coincidence or an Association? Case Report(Turk Nefroloji Diyaliz Transplantasyon Dergisi, 2016) Kurultak, Ilhan; Kilic, Ilhan; Sezer, Betul; Tuncel, Sedat; Tastekin, Ebru; Ustundag, SedatThe uncommon complications regarding CKD tend to increase in clinical setting because of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population has been expanding every passing day. Perhaps the most important one of these is calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA, calciphylaxis). Calcific uremic arteriolopathy is a clinical syndrome which includes systemic calcification of the small vessels, causes to ischemia, subcutaneous necrosis and it has high mortality and morbidity rates (1,2). There is a large body of data in literature about CUA although very little for its cardiac involvement. Herein we presented a case of calcific endocarditis with CUA and the review of the literature. According to our observation, parathyroidectomy was effective to provide clinical and radiological improvement in the presented case. The clinician should consider adding parathyroidectomy to conventional strategies immediately if the risk of such uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism is present.Öğe Experimental myoglobinuric acute renal failure: The effect of vitamin C(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Ustundag, Sedat; Yalcin, Omer; Sen, Saniye; Cukur, Ziya; Ciftci, Senturk; Demirkan, BoraDuring times of war and natural disasters, rhabdomyolysis-induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF) can assume epidemic proportions. Free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of myoglobinuric ARF. Vitamin C is a major antioxidant, scavenging free radicals. We have not found any studies on the effect of vitamin C on myoglobinuric ARF. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin C on the myoglobinuric ARF formed by glycerol in rats. Three groups of rats were employed in this study. Group 1 served as control, group 2 was given 50% glycerol (10 mL/kg, i.m.), and group 3 was given glycerol plus vitamin C (20 mg/kg, i.p. for four days). Ninety-six hours after glycerol injections, blood samples and kidney tissues were taken from the anesthetized rats. Urea and creatinine levels in plasma; N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in urine; malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activity in kidney tissue were determined. Histopathological changes and iron accumulation in the kidney tissue were evaluated. In this study, glycerol administration led to marked renal oxidative stress and severe renal functional and morphological deterioration. The treatment of animals with vitamin C partially corrected the renal dysfunction and morphological impairment. In this respect, vitamin C appears to be a promising candidate for the prevention of rhabdomyolysis-induced ARF. Higher dosages of vitamin C than in 20 mg/kg may be beneficial for better functional and morphological recovery in this model ARF.Öğe Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness in Chronic Kidney Disease(Clin Lab Publ, 2015) Yilmaz, Gulay; Ustundag, Sedat; Temizoz, Osman; Sut, Necdet; Demir, Muzaffer; Ermis, Veli; Sevinc, CanBackground: The cause of early-accelerated atherosclerosis development observed in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is not fully understood. The determination of the relationship between the levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and the development of endothelial dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, and myocardial infarction lends support to the possibility that FGF-23 plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis in CKD. Only a few studies, however, have been conducted that analyze the relationship between FGF-23 levels in the progression of CKD and the development of atherosclerosis, and these studies have generally been limited to those patients receiving dialysis therapy due to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: In the present study, carotid artery intima-media thicknesses (IMT) were measured ultrasonically as a marker of atherosclerosis in 91 patients with CKD stage 3 - 4 (61 female and 30 male, age between 19 - 65 years, glomerular filtration rate [GFR] 15 - 60 mL/min 1.73 m(2), CKD was not related to diabetes mellitus, and without cardiovascular-cerebral disease) in contrast to 36 healthy volunteers (26 female and 10 male, age between 19 - 65 years, GFR > 90 mL/min 1.73 m(2), and without any diagnoses of acute or chronic disease), and a possible role of FGF-23 on atherosclerosis was analyzed. Results: Patients were similar to controls with respect to age, gender, smoking status, body mass index, and plasma glucose and lipid profile. On the other hand, IMT measurements (p < 0.00001) and FGF-23 levels (p = 0.00012) were significantly higher in patients than controls. IMT was measured above the subclinical atherosclerosis limit of 0.750 mm in 54% of the patients. Multivariate regression analysis showed that patients' age, high sensitive c-reactive protein (hsCRP), and FGF-23 levels were independent predictors of IMT (p < 0.00001, r = 0.559). Independent of other variables, every 1 mu mol/L increase in FGF-23 levels resulted in 0.444 mm increase of IMT measurements in patients with CKD. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that monitoring serum FGF-23 may be useful as a non-invasive indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease.Öğe Glu298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in Turkish patients with ischemic stroke(Springer, 2009) Guldiken, Baburhan; Sipahi, Tammam; Guldiken, Sibel; Ustundag, Sedat; Budak, Metin; Turgut, Nilda; Ozkan, HulyaThe low plasma nitric oxide concentrations and reduced vascular reactivity are considered major proatherogenic mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to assess the allelic frequency and the genotypic distribution of the Glu298Asp gene polymorphism at exon 7 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene in Turkish ischemic stroke patients compared to appropriate healthy controls, and to correlate the genetic findings with stroke subtypes. The study population included 146 (75 males, 71 females) patients with ischemic stroke which were categorized according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) and 133 (34 males, 99 females) healthy subjects. The eNOS polymorphism was identified with a PCR followed by RFLP with the restriction enzyme BanII. Genotypes were defined as GG, GT, and TT according to the presence of the G and T alleles. In this case-control study, we did not find any significant difference in either the genotypic distribution or allelic frequency of Glu298Asp gene polymorphism between the patients and the controls. In addition, there was also no significant difference for the genotype distribution and the allelic frequency among the stroke subtypes. The results suggested the lack of the association between the Glu298Asp gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke or subtypes of ischemic stroke in the Turkish population.Öğe Guillain-Barre syndrome variant as a rare complication of leptospirosis(Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2021) Gokalp, Cenk; Yildiz, Cagla; Tunc, Busra; Kurultak, Ilhan; Ustundag, Sedat[Abstract Not Available]
