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Öğe Assessment of the effects of COVID-19 lockdown period on groundwater quality of a significant rice land in an urban area of Turkiye(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Tokatli, Cem; Titiz, Ahmet Mirac; Ugurluoglu, Alper; Islam, Md. Saiful; Ustaoglu, Fikret; Islam, Abu Reza Md. TowfiqulIn the current research, the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown period on groundwater quality of Lower Meric Plain (Thrace Region of Turkiye) was evaluated. Some significant nutrient characteristics (NO3-, NO2-, and PO43-), salinity characteristics (EC, TDS, and salinity), and physical characteristics (temperature, DO, pH, and turbidity) were investigated in groundwater samples collected from 45 sampling points in pre-lockdown and lockdown periods. Water quality index (WQI) and nutrient pollution index (NPI), Pearson correlation index (PCI), cluster analysis (CA), one-way ANOVA test (OWAT), and factor analysis (FA) were applied to assess ecological risk. Excluding recorded statistical differences in temperature and DO due to climatic conditions (p < 0.05), levels of all the investigated water quality parameters show no statistically significant differences and no significant reduction in pollutants measured in the lockdown period. On the contrary, the WQI and NPI scores have increased between the rates of 4.76-27.10% during the lockdown period. In the lockdown period, although the reduction of industry or limited production of many industrial facilities reduced the inorganic contaminant releases to the environment, ongoing agricultural activities and domestic wastes caused to prevent the reduction of organic pollutants in groundwater of the region during the lockdown period.Öğe Ecological and health risk assessment and quantitative source apportionment of dissolved metals in ponds used for drinking and irrigation purposes(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Tokatli, Cem; Varol, Memet; Ustaoglu, FikretIn this study, dissolved metal levels of 10 different ponds used as irrigation and drinking water sources in the north of Saros Bay (Turkiye) were evaluated using multivariate statistical methods, contamination and ecological risk indices, and absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR). The mean levels of metals in the ponds ranged from 0.045 mu g/L (Cd) to 127 mu g/L (Mn). Pond 7 used for drinking water source had the lowest total metal level. Only Mn levels in two ponds (P1 and P2) slightly exceeded the critical value set by EU Drinking Water Directive. However, the levels of all metals in all ponds were lower than the critical values set for irrigation water and aquatic life. According to the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), five ponds showed low metal pollution in terms of drinking water quality, four ponds showed moderate metal pollution, and one pond (P1) showed moderate to heavy pollution. According to the Nemerow pollution index (NPI) values (0.26-1.82), ponds P1 and P2 showed slight metal pollution, while other ponds showed insignificant metal pollution. Contamination degree (CD) values of ponds varied between 0.95 and 3.33, indicating that all ponds showed low pollution. In terms of irrigation water quality, all ponds showed low or insignificant metal pollution according to the HPI, NPI, and CD values. According to the ecological risk index (ERI) values, metals in all ponds posed low ecological risks for both drinking and irrigation purposes. Factor analysis identified two potential sources: mixed sources and natural sources. The APCS-MLR model results revealed that mixed sources and natural sources contributed 78.99% and 21.01% to dissolved metals in the ponds, respectively. Health risk assessment results indicated that both individual and combined metals in the ponds would not cause non-carcinogenic risks to both adults and children. Similarly, it was found that Cr and As would not cause carcinogenic risks to the residents of the region.Öğe Ecological Risk Assessment of Metals in Sediments from Three Stagnant Water Bodies in Northern Turkey(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Varol, Memet; Ustaoglu, Fikret; Tokatli, CemPurpose of Review In recent years, anthropogenic activities have caused metal pollution in the sediments of stagnant water bodies, and thus threatening aquatic ecosystems and human health. Therefore, determining the potential ecological risks, contamination degree, and possible sources of metals in sediment of stagnant water bodies is essential for effective management of metal pollution. In this study, we used contamination and risk assessment indices together with multivariate statistics to determine ecological risks and contamination degree of 14 metals in sediments of three important stagnant water bodies (Ladik Lake and Yedikir and Degirmendere dam lakes) in northern Turkey. In addition, the effects of organic matter (OM) and pH on metal accumulation in the sediments were also investigated. Recent Findings The mean contents of Al, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb did not differ significantly among the water bodies studied (p > 0.05). The Ladik Lake sediments had significantly lower pH level and higher OM content (p < 0.05). Contamination indices indicated that there was no significant metal contamination in the sediments of all water bodies. Similarly, ecological risk indices indicated that metals posed low ecological risks in the water bodies. According to the sediment quality guidelines, metals would not cause harm to benthic organisms. The accumulation of most metals in the Yedikir Dam Lake was controlled by OM, while the distribution of some metals was affected by both OM and pH in the Degirmendere Dam Lake. According to the factor analysis, all metals in the sediments of the water bodies studied mainly originated from natural sources. The results of this study revealed that sediment contamination indices, ecological risk assessment methods, sediment quality guidelines, and multivariate statistics can be used as effective approaches in determining the environmental and ecological risks and pollution sources of metals in the sediments of stagnant water bodies. Thus, this study can provide important information for the ecological risk assessment and management of metals in the sediments of stagnant water bodies.Öğe Ecological risks and controlling factors of trace elements in sediments of dam lakes in the Black Sea Region (Turkey)(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2022) Varol, Memet; Ustaoglu, Fikret; Tokatli, CemThe evaluation of trace elements (TEs) in sediments of dam lakes is crucial for maintaining ecosystem health. Therefore, it is very important to determine their concentrations, pollution status, sources, controlling factors and ecological risks in these ecosystems. Here, for the first time, we analyzed 14 TEs (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, Hg and Pb) and sediment properties (organic matter (OM) and pH) in sediments from four dam lakes (Erfelek, Derbent, Suat U.gurlu and Sarayduzu) in the Black Sea Region of Turkey, which are used for different purposes and located on the different rivers or streams with different pollution levels. The results indicated that Al, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Sb concentrations were lower in the Erfelek Dam Lake which has been used for drinking water supply, indicating that it is more protected than other dam lakes. However, Al, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu and Sb concentrations were higher in the Suat U.gurlu Dam Lake on the Yes ilirmak River which is moderately polluted. According to sediment contamination indices, there was low contamination in the sediments of all dam lakes. Similarly, the assessment of ecological risk posed by TEs indicated low eclogical risk in the dam lakes. Sediment OM and pH were found to be important control factors affecting the distribution of TEs in the dam lakes sediments. Correlation and factor analyses suggested that all TEs in the sediments of dam lakes mainly originated from geogenic sources.Öğe Ecotoxicological risk assessment for sediments of cavuslu stream in Giresun, Turkey: association between garbage disposal facility and metallic accumulation(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Yuksel, Bayram; Ustaoglu, Fikret; Tokatli, Cem; Islam, Md SaifulThe objective of this paper was to stress the possible potential toxic element (PTE) accumulation in the surface sediments of the cavuslu Stream (cS), as well as examining the source identification of whether or not any association between garbage disposal facility (GDF) and ecotoxicity or human health risk in Giresun, Turkey. The sediment specimens were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) followed by microwave digestion. The descending order of metals (mg/kg) in sediments were as follows: Fe (38,791 +/- 3269) > Al (27,753 +/- 4051) > Mn (730.90 +/- 114.60) > Cr (233.39 +/- 53.32) > V (176.40 +/- 19.66) > Cu (85.22 +/- 6.06) > Ni (72.87 +/- 11.50) > Zn (46.45 +/- 3.68) > Co (21.96 +/- 3.33) > Pb (12.17 +/- 1.97) > As (3.12 +/- 1.45) > Sb (0.22 +/- 0.06) > Cd (0.17 +/- 0.02) > Hg (0.04 +/- 0.01). Among these elements, certain metals (V, Cr, Cu, and Ni) in the sediments were above the average shale. Cr and Ni levels were above their corresponding threshold effect level (TEL) and probable effect level (PEL) values while Cu concentration exceeding its TEL, indicating that benthic organisms in the sediment of cS have likely toxic responses. Based on the results from contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), and geo-accumulation factor (I-geo) values of PTEs, the sediment was frequently classified into moderate contamination, moderate enrichment, and unpolluted to moderately polluted group. Pollution load index (PLI), integrated pollution index (IPI), and ecological risk index (E-r(i)) indicated low pollution or low potential ecological risk. Toxicity risk index (TRI) and toxic unit analysis (TUs) suggested moderate toxicity. The outcomes of hazard quotient (HQ), total hazard index (THI), and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) stressed out that PTEs would not pose a significant health risk when adults are exposed to sediments in cS. However, a non-cancerogenic health risk for children was considered as the collective effect of 14 PTE (THI = 1.47 > 1). Multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) outlined that the metallic accumulation in the sediments of cS was related to lithological, geological, and anthropogenic impacts. Therefore, the GDF is likely a major reason in terms of anthropogenic pollution in the sediments of the cS.Öğe Evaluation of a Household Drinking Water Purification System Performance in terms of Organic – Inorganic Water Pollution Indicators and Ecological – Health Risk Assessment Indices(2021) Tokatli, Cem; Ustaoglu, FikretIn this study, the performance of one of the most popular household drinking water purification systems (WPS) of Turkey was evaluated. Tap and purified water samples were taken from İpsala District (Thrace Region). A total of 23 significant water quality assessment parameters including essential and toxic metals (pH, TDS, EC, turbidity, Cl, NO3, SO4, PO4, BOD, COD, B, Al, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Mo, Sb, Ba, Pb) were measured in water samples and how much the WPS improves these parameters were determined. Also Water Quality Index (WQI), Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI), Nutrient Pollution Index (NPI), Cancer Risk (CR), Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) were applied to data in order to assess the qualities of tap and purified water in terms of multiple effects of toxicants and possible risks of human health. As a result of this research, it was determined that the investigated WPS significantly improved the drinking water quality and significantly reduced the scores of applied ecological and health risk assessment indicators.Öğe Health risk assessment of toxicants in Meric River Delta Wetland, Thrace Region, Turkey(Springer, 2020) Tokatli, Cem; Ustaoglu, FikretIn the current research, water quality of Meric River Delta was evaluated using some toxic element risk assessment indices. Samples were collected from 24 locations and nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) accumulations in delta components were read using an ICP-MS. Water quality index (WQI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and degree of contamination index (C-deg) were applied to detected data for assessing the water quality. Also, the toxic element concentrations in water were assessed in terms of public health using some health risk assessment methods including hazard index (HI), hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk (CR). According to the results of WQI, HPI, HEI and C-deg, Ni and As were recorded as most dangerous toxicants among the investigated elements and Gala Lake was recorded as most effected delta component. According to the results HQs and CR, As was recorded as the most dangerous toxicant among the investigated elements and Gala Lake and Ergene River were recorded as the most effected delta components.Öğe A pioneering study on health risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water in Thrace Region of northwest Turkiye(Elsevier, 2022) Tokatli, Cem; Islam, Abu Reza Md Towfiqul; Onur, Sirin Guener; Ustaoglu, Fikret; Islam, Md. Saiful; Dindar, Mediha BueyuekgozeFluoride has a pivotal importance in dental health and the main source of fluoride intake by humans is known as drinking water. Fluoride intake that is excessive or insufficient may have negative impacts on infants and children, including dental caries and fluorosis. The Ipsala District is located in the south-west part of Edirne City, which is a major agricultural land in Turkiye's Thrace Region. The aim of the present research was to determine the fluoride accumulations in drinking water and to assess and compare the non-carcinogenic health risks of fluoride via daily human intake in drinking water of the Ipsala District and connected villages. A total of 23 drinking water samples were collected during the wet season of 2021. The fluoride levels of villages were measured by using a spectrophotometric method, and estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) of fluoride were calculated for all the investigated locations separately. Fluoride concentrations in Ipsala District drinking water ranged from 0.02 to 0.192 ppm. The mean EDI data in infants, children, teenagers, and adults was recorded as 0.00076, 0.00538, 0.00380, and 0.00304 ppm, respectively. All the calculated HQ values in terms of all age groups were recorded as less than the critical limit of 1, with a mean of 0.01267 for infants, 0.08972 for children, 0.06333 for teenagers, and 0.05075 for adults, which means there is no non-carcinogenic health risk in terms of fluoride accumulations in drinking water. Children are more sensitive than all the age groups in terms of health risk associated with fluoride intake from the study region. The findings of this research will aid the respective authorities in developing better policies to safeguard children from fluoride exposure.Öğe Potentially toxic elements in vegetable and rice species in Bangladesh and their exposure assessment(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2022) Islam, Md. Saiful; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Phoungthong, Khamphe; Ustaoglu, Fikret; Tokatli, Cem; Ahmed, Ramal; Ibrahim, Khalid A.Five different types of vegetable and six rice cultivars were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer to evaluate the levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and health risk to the adults and children. The mean ranges of Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in samples were 0.85-1.96, 7.56-21.45, 6.94-23.82, 5.7430.87, 4.70-32.76, 0.14-1.05, 0.03-0.25 and 0.50-1.12 mg/kg dw, respectively. The mean concentrations of PTEs in all fresh vegetables and rice samples were higher than the maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs), indicating these foods are contaminated by PTEs and might pose risk to the consumers. Mean removal of Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, As, Cd and Pb from rice grains were 34, 31, 37, 34, 38, 59, 37 and 33%, respectively due to the effect of cooking. The THQ values for Ni, Cu, Mn, As and Pb from individual food item were higher than unity, indicating non-carcinogenic risks.Öğe Spatiotemporal variations, health risk assessment, and sources of potentially toxic elements in potamic water of the Anday Stream Basin (Turkiye), Black Sea Region(Springer, 2024) Tokatli, Cem; Mutlu, Ekrem; Ustaoglu, Fikret; Islam, Abu Reza Towfiqul; Muhammad, SaidMonitoring and protecting freshwater habitats are paramount for a sustainable water management perspective. This study investigated potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the potamic water of the Anday Stream Basin (T & uuml;rkiye), Black Sea Region, for a hydrological year (from May 2020 to April 2021). Among PTEs, the highest average values were recorded for sodium (Na) at 41.3 mg/L and the lowest for mercury (Hg) at 0.009 mu g/L and noted under quality guidelines. The stream was found to be at the level of Low Heavy Metal Pollution and Low Contamination based on the ecotoxicological risk indices. The highest calculated hazard quotient (HQ) value of 1.21E-02 for Cd was noted in the children via the dermal pathway and the lowest of 6.91E-06 for Fe in adults via the ingestion pathway. Results revealed a higher hazard index (HI) value of 1.50E-02 for Cd to children and the lowest of 1.98E-05 for Fe to adults. As a result of applying agricultural risk indices, the stream showed sodium adsorption ratio values less than 6 and was found to be Excellent for agriculture. However, the sodium percentage values were less than 20 and found Permissible and the magnesium hazard > 50 and noted as Unsuitable for agriculture. Statistical analysis revealed that natural factors mainly attributed to PTE contamination of the Anday Stream Basin.
