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    Flurbiprofen in rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induced hyperalgesia
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Gurel, Elif Ezgi; Ural, Keremcan; Ozturk, Gulnur; Ozturk, Levent
    Background: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation induces hyperalgesia in healthy rats. Here, we evaluated the effects of flurbiprofen, an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent, on the increased thermal responses observed in REM sleep deprived rats. Methods: Forty female rats were divided into four groups following 96-hour REM sleep deprivation: intraperitoneal injections of placebo, and flurbiprofen 5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg were made in CONT (n = 10), FBP5, FBP15 and FBP40 groups respectively. Pain threshold measurements were performed three times at baseline (0.hour), at the end of REM sleep deprivation (96.hour) and at 1 h after injections (97.hour) by hot plate and tail-flick tests. Results: REM sleep deprivation induced a significant decrease in pain thresholds of all rats (hotplate: 0.hour vs 96.hour, 9.75 +/- 2.85 vs 5.10 +/- 2.02, p < 0.001; tail flick: 0.hour vs 96.hour, 11.92 +/- 4.62 vs 7.92 +/- 5.15, p < 0.001). Flurbiprofen in 15 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg doses significantly improved pain tolerance measured by tail flick test (tail flick in FBP15 and FBP40 groups: 96.hour vs 97.hour, 7.01 +/- 4.97 vs 8.34 +/- 3.61 and 5.06 +/- 1.57 vs 7.04 +/- 2.49, p < 0.05 for both). Conclusion: 96 h of REM sleep deprivation resulted in reduced pain thresholds in both hot plate and tail flick tests. Flurbiprofen was used for the first time in a rat model of REM sleep deprivation, and it provided antinociceptive effects in 15 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg doses. Flurbiprofen may have the potential for treatment of painful syndromes accompanying insomnia or sleep loss. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.