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    Analysis of the anti-allodynic effects of combination of a synthetic cannabinoid and a selective noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor in nerve injury-induced neuropathic mice
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Gunduz, O.; Topuz, R. D.; Karadag, C. H.; Ulugol, A.
    BackgroundCombining drugs not only reduces specific adverse effects of each of the drug at a higher dose but also may lead to enhanced efficacy. Tapentadol is a recently discovered analgesic possessing -opioid receptor agonism and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibition in a single molecule. Taking into consideration, the pharmacological similarities between opioids and cannabinoids, we assumed that combination of cannabinoids with noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors might also be effective. We therefore aimed to determine whether combining 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 fixed ratios of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 and the selective noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor maprotiline exert anti-allodynic synergy on nerve-injured neuropathic mice. MethodsPartial tight ligation of the sciatic nerve was made in mice; on pre-operative and post-operative 15 days basal mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia and motor function were assessed using von Frey filaments, hot/cold plate and rota rod apparatus. ResultsMechanical and cold allodynia developed in all groups on post-operative 15 days. Development of cold allodynia was statistically significant in all groups (p<0.05); therefore, cold allodynia was used in combination studies. As shown by isobolographic analysis, interactions of 1:1 and 3:1 ratios of WIN 55,212-2:maprotiline combinations were supra-additive, whereas 1:3 ratio was sub-additive. ConclusionsOverall, our data suggest that combination of a cannabinoid with a selective noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor may offer a beneficial treatment option for neuropathic pain.
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    Effect of Activation of the GLT-1 Transporter by a Beta-Lactam Antibiotic on Serotonin-Induced Scratching Behavior in Mice
    (Springer, 2015) Gunduz, O.; Topuz, R. D.; Todurga, Z. G.; Duvan, K.; Karadag, C. H.; Ulugol, A.
    Glutamate is believed to be the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the networks responsible for itch-related behavior. Beta-lactam antibiotics were shown to exert neuroprotective effects by increasing expression of the glutamate transporter GLT-1. We observed whether repeated administration of the beta-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone suppresses serotonin-induced itch-related behavior (similarly to the effect of this agent on pain transmission) in mice. Chronic, but not acute, ceftriaxone introductions reduced the number of serotonin-induced scratches; dihydrokainic acid, a selective GLT-1 transporter inhibitor, partly but significantly abolished this effect of ceftriaxone. Our findings suggest that GLT-1 activation by beta-lactam antibiotics looks promising for the treatment of chronic itch.