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Öğe Associations Between Violence Related Behaviors and Self Perceived Health Among Trakya University Students(Galenos Publ House, 2011) Evren, Halil; Tokuc, Burcu; Ekuklu, GalipObjective: This study was carried out to determine the association between violence related behaviors and self-reported health among university students. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which included a representative sample of all students of Trakya University. The sample of 1620 students enrolled at Trakya University was stratified according to sex and actual student number of faculties and colleges and selected by systematic sampling. In addition to descriptive statistics, Chi Square analysis and Logistic Regression analysis were used for statistical evaluation. Results: 6.3% of the respondents reported that they were exposed to violence, 33.5% of them stated they were involved in a physical fight during the past 12 months, 4.9% of them stated they did not go to school at least one day during the past 30 days because they felt unsafe and 4.4% of the students reported they had attempted suicide during the past 12 months. The analyses have shown that violence related behaviors were significantly associated with poor health after controlling the potential confounders. Conclusion: There is a need for more prospective studies for exploring the effects of violence related behaviors to health. Interventions targeting youths who engage in violence should consider that violence related behaviors may be markers for poor health.Öğe Does abdominal obesity cause increase in the amount of epidural fat?(Springer, 2008) Alicioglu, Banu; Sarac, Armagan; Tokuc, BurcuIt is known that epidural fat does not alter in obese people. This study aims to find out a possible relationship with epidural fat and abdominal obesity. In this cross-sectional study, 63 patients who were referred to our clinic for lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination were evaluated. Patients with the history of steroid treatment, thyroid disease or Cushing disease were excluded. Waist circumferences (WC), body weight and height were measured and subsequently body-mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m(2)). On midsagittal T1-weighted images, anterior epidural fat (AEF), posterior epidural fat (PEF) and posterior subcutaneous fat (SCF) thicknesses were measured at the S1 level. The results were compared with age, gender, body weight, height, WC and BMI. There were 31 men and 32 women, age ranged 19-77 years (mean 49). The mean BMI was 29.25 kg/m(2) (20.7-52.7); the mean WC was 97.4 +/- 13.2 cm (72-122) in women and 97.6 +/- 9.8 cm (72-118) in men. Cutoff value of WC was considered as 88 cm for women and 95 cm for men. BMI > 27.5 was considered to be obese. No statistical difference with respect to epidural fat thickness between genders was determined in AEF and PEF (P = 0.237, P = 0.616). SCF was significantly thicker in women (P = 0.021). A very poor and negative correlation was found between age and PEF (r = 0.373, P = 0.003), and a very poor and positive correlation between weight and PEF was found (r = 396, P = 0.001). The thickness of the epidural fat was not differ between obese and nonobese people (p = 0.571 for AEF and p = 0.307 for PEF). The thickness of the epidural fat was not different in people whose WC was greater than normal values in both gender (p > 0.05). Epidural fat is not affected by age, gender, BMI and WC which means that epidural fatty layer. A clear correlation has not been found between epidural fat amount and obesity or abnormal fat distribution yet.Öğe Does noise exposure during pregnancy affect neonatal hearing screening results?(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2019) Guven, Selis Gulseven; Tas, Memduha; Bulut, Erdogan; Tokuc, Burcu; Uzun, Cem; Karasalihoglu, Ahmet KarasalihogluObjective: The aim is to investigate whether noise is effective on hearing screening tests of neonates born to mothers exposed to noise during pregnancy. Material and Method: Screening results of 2653 infants from the period of January 2013-May 2017 were evaluated. Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) were used. Infants of 65 mothers exposed to noise (LAeq 80-85 dBA/8 hours/day) during pregnancy (Week +/- SD; 32.58 +/- 2.71) comprised the study group while the control group consisted of infants of 2588 mothers without noise exposure. Results: Among the 65 infants, 23 (35.4%) passed screening at the first emission test (OAE1); 34 (52.3%) at the second emission test (OAE2); 7 (10.8%) at the ABR stage, 1 (1.5%) infant was referred to a tertiary center. In the control group, 458 (17.7%) infants passed at OAE1; 1822 (70.4%) at OAE2; 289 (11.2%) at ABR stages, 19 (0.7%) infants were referred to a tertiary center. The rate of infants that passed screening at OAE1 in the study group was high (P = 0.00001). Sixty-four (98.46%) infants in the study group and 2569 (99.26%) infants in the control group passed the tests. The difference between the two groups was not significant, indicating that exposure to noise during pregnancy had no unfavorable effects on auditory functions (P = 0.392). Conclusion: Unfavorable effect of noise exposure during pregnancy was not observed on auditory functions of the infants. The higher rate of infants that passed the screening test at OAE1 stage in the study group raised the question, Does the exposure of the noise at exposure action levels (80-85 dB A) during pregnancy contribute to auditory maturation of fetus?Öğe Domestic Violence Against Married Women in Edirne(Sage Publications Inc, 2010) Tokuc, Burcu; Ekuklu, Galip; Avcioglu, SerapThe aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and risk factors of domestic violence against married women in Edirne, Turkey. This is a cross-sectional study which included a representative sample of the married women living in the Provincial Center of Edirne. The total past year prevalence of some forms of physical domestic violence is 34% in the last 12 months. 93% of women reported that they have been experiencing different forms of verbal and psychological domestic violence. The important risk factors for physical domestic violence were being Roma woman (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.44-6.12), living with more than four people in the household (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.21-4.36), being unemployed (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.06-4.37), and got married only with her families' decision (OR = 4.60, 95% CI: 1.42-14.80). Our findings conclude that patriarchal and traditional values, women's lack of financial autonomy, and low socioeconomic status are the risk factors for physical domestic violence.Öğe The Effect of a High-Protein Diet and Exercise on Cardiac AQP7 and GLUT4 Gene Expression(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2016) Palabiyik, Orkide; Karaca, Aziz; Tastekin, Ebru; Yamasan, Bilge Eren; Tokuc, Burcu; Sipahi, Tammam; Vardar, Selma ArzuHigh-protein (HP) diets are commonly consumed by athletes despite their potential health hazard, which is postulated to enforce a negative effect on bone and renal health. However, its effects on heart have not been known yet. Aquaporin-7 (AQP7) is an aquaglyceroporin that facilitates glycerol and water transport. Glycerol is an important cardiac energy production substrate, especially during exercise, in conjunction with fatty acids and glucose. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is an insulin-sensitive glucose transporter in heart. We aimed to investigate the effect of HPD on AQP7 and GLUT4 levels in the rat heart subjected to exercise. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (n = 12), exercise (E) training (n = 10), HPD (n = 12), and HPD-E training (n = 9) groups. The HPD groups were fed a 45 % protein-containing diet 5 weeks. The HPD-E and E groups were performed the treadmill exercise during the 5-week study period. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to determine the gene expression and localization of AQP7 and GLUT4 in heart tissue. Results of relative gene expression were calculated by the 'Pfaffl' mathematical method using the REST program. Differences in AQP7 and GLUT4 gene expression were expressed as fold change compared to the control group. Heart weight/tibia ratio and ventricular wall thickness were evaluated as markers of cardiac hypertrophy. Further, serum glucose, glycerol, and insulin levels were also measured. AQP7 gene expression was found to be increased in the E (3.47-fold, p < 0.001), HPD (5.59-fold, p < 0.001), and HPD-E (3.87-fold, p < 0.001) groups compared to the control group. AQP7 protein expression was also increased in the HPD and HPD-E groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, cardiac mRNA expression levels of GLUT4 showed a significant increase in the E (2.16-fold, p < 0.003), HPD (7.14-fold, p < 0.001), and HPD-E (3.43-fold, p < 0.001) groups compared to the control group. GLUT4 protein expression was significantly increased in the E, HPD, and HPD-E groups compared to the control group (p = 0.024, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, Serum glucose levels were significantly different between groups (p < 0.005). This difference was observed between the HPD groups and normal-protein diet groups (C and E). Serum insulin levels were higher for HPD groups compared with the normal-protein diet groups (p < 0.001), whereas no differences were observed between the exercise and sedentary groups (p = 0.111). Serum glycerol levels were significantly increased in the HPD groups compared with control and E groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). Consumption of HPD supplementation caused the increased effects on AQP7 and GLUT4 expression in rat heart.Öğe The effect of melatonin on cadmium-induced renal injury in chronically exposed rats(Aves, 2009) Kaplan, Mustafa; Atakan, Irfan Huseyin; Aydogdu, Nurettin; Aktoz, Tevfik; Puyan, Fulya Oz; Seren, Gulay; Tokuc, BurcuObjective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of melatonin as an antioxidant, in prevention and treatment of cadmium (Cd)-induced renal toxicity in rats. Materials and methods: Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 340 to 370 g were used. Renal toxicity was induced with the use of 200 mu g/ml of cadmium chloride in tap water. Ten rats were assigned to receive only tap water as the control group for three months and seven days. Two study groups were designed. To investigate the ability of melatonin to prevent Cd damage (Study 1), 10 rats received Cd and 10 rats received Cd plus 0.02% co-treatment melatonin in tap water for three months. To test whether melatonin would reverse CD-induced damage to the kidney (Study 2), 10 rats received Cd in tap water for three months+7 days, and 10 rats received Cd for three months followed by administration of high-dose (0.08%) melatonin in tap water for seven days. Results: Cadmium exposure significantly increased the kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as a marker of lipid peroxidation, decreased the kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, increased Cd concentrations in the renal cortex, but did not change glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and fractional excretion of sodium (FE-Na). In Study 1, melatonin decreased MDA levels, increased SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities. In Study 2, melatonin decreased the kidney MDA levels, increased the SOD activity, but did not change the CAT and GSH-Px activities. Kidney accumulation of Cd did not change in both melatonin-treated groups. Histopathologically, Cd intake affected proximal tubules of the nephron more than the glomerular parts. Melatonin did not change these alterations. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Cd-induced renal toxicity is related with oxidative stress and exogenously administrated melatonin might reduce the toxic effects of Cd on kidney without any reduction in tissue Cd burden.Öğe The effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on clinical improvement in hemiplegic lower extremity rehabilitation in chronic stroke: A single-blind, randomised, controlled trial(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Mesci, Nilgun; Ozdemir, Ferda; Kabayel, Derya Demirbag; Tokuc, BurcuObjective. In this study, the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) was evaluated in lower extremity rehabilitation in patients with chronic stroke. Method. The study enrolled 40 patients with chronic stroke. Twenty patients each were assigned to the treatment group and the control group. All patients received a conventional rehabilitation program for a 4-week period. In addition to this rehabilitation program, patients in the treatment group received NMES treatment for hemiplegic foot dorsiflexor muscles for 4 weeks, 5 days a week. The sessions were performed as one session per day and added to a total of 20 sessions. Clinical parameters were evaluated before and after the treatment. Results. Pre-treatment and post-treatment evaluations showed a significant increase in ankle dorsiflexion and a significant decrease in the level of spasticity in the treatment group (p<0.05); however, there were no significant differences in the control group between the pre-treatment and post-treatment measures. Although Brunnstrom Stage, Rivermead leg and trunk score and Functional Independence Measurement motor subscore showed a significant improvement in pre-and post-treatment comparisons for both groups, the treatment group's scores were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). Functional Ambulation Categories showed a significant improvement in both groups following the treatment; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions. Use of NMES in hemiplegic foot dorsiflexion can contribute to the clinical improvement of patients when used in combination with rehabilitation programs.Öğe Etiologic agents and risk factors in nosocomial urinary tract infections(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2008) Akkoyun, Sevinc; Kuloglu, Figen; Tokuc, BurcuNosocomial urinary tract infection (NUSI) is one of the most common hospital acquired infections. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors, frequency and the bacterial etiology of NUSI in hospitalized patients at Trace University Hospital, Turkey. Between September 1(st) 2004 to March 1(st) 2005, 104 NUSI episodes from 91 adult patients (mean age; 60.8 +/- 16.1 years; 46 were female) were determined among 8704 patients admitted to the hospital. During the study period, cumulative incidence of NUSI was 1.04% and episode rate of NUSI was 1.19%. The most important risk factors for NUSI were detected as urinary catheterization (78.8%), antimicrobial therapy within the previous 15 days (60.6%), fecal incontinence (33.7%) and surgical operations [29.8% (42% of them were urological pertainings)]. In 37.8% of the episodes urinary catheterization was considered as performed unnecessarily. In 26% of the episodes another infection (pneumoniae, abdominal infection, wound infection) accompanied. The causative microorganisms were resistant to the antibiotics used for therapy in 93.6% of the episodes. A total of 118 microorganisms (14 were polymicrobial) have been isolated from the urine cultures. The most frequently isolated ones were Escherichia coli (n: 48; 40.8%), Candida spp. (n: 27; 23%), Enterococcus spp. (n: 13; 11%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n: 9; 7.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n: 8; 6.8%) and Acinetobacter spp. (n: 5; 4.2%). The highest susceptibility rates of E.coli isolates were against imipenem and nitrofurantoin (100%) and amikacin (97.7%), the lowest susceptibility rates were against ampicillin (26.7%) and amoxycillin-clavulonate (44.4%). No glycopeptid resistance was detected for Enterococcus spp. while the susceptibility rates to penicilin and nitrofurantoin were 38.5% and 63.6%, respectively. Since the number of the other bacterial, species was low (<10) their antimicrobial resistance rates were not evaluated. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was determined in 27% of E.coli and in 25% of K.pneumoniae isolates, and cases with ESBL producing strains had significiantly higher antibiotic consumption rate in the previous 15 days (p=0.004). Blood cultures which were collected during NUSI episodes yielded positive results in 31.8%. The mortality rate due to NUSI was significantly higher in cases with bloodstream infection (p=0.000). In conclusion, the high rates of NUSI associated with bloodstream infections and mortality detected have pointed out serious problems in our hospital, and indicated that more attention should be paid on urinary catheterisation, rational antibiotic usage and control of nosocomial infections.Öğe The Evaluation of Genital Infections and Genital Hygiene Practices of Women Who Applied to Gynecology Policlinic(Istanbul Univ, Fac Nursing, 2013) Cangol, Eda; Tokuc, BurcuAim: This study was carried out to determining the prevalence of genital infections and the genital hygiene practices of women who applied to gynecology policlinic of Uzunkopru Obstetrics and Gynecology and Child Diseases Hospital. Method: It was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. 402 women who applied to gynecology policlinic for any reason and accept to participate to study were comprised. Results: The prevalence of genital infections was determined as 37.1 %. The women have mentioned that 85.5 % have used cotton underwear, 58.9 % have changed their underwear daily. 50 % of them mentioned that they have washed their hands after visiting restrooms and 51.7 % of them have cleaned genital area by inappropriate methods. Nearly all of the women said they have made vaginal douching after sexual intercourse. Conclusion: Genital infections were diagnosed more frequent in married women, women who have not changed their underwear frequently, who have cleaned genital area with water and towels, who have cleaned genital area by inappropriate methods and who have made vaginal douching after sexual intercourse. As a result it is concluded that most of the women have inappropriate genital hygiene practices and need an educational support in this topic.Öğe Factors associated with childhood constipation(Blackwell Publishing, 2007) Inan, Mustafa; Aydiner, Cagatay Y.; Tokuc, Burcu; Aksu, Burhan; Ayvaz, Suleyman; Ayhan, Sinan; Ceylan, TuranAim: To evaluate factors associated with constipation, determine its risk factors and identify common methods of managing constipation among schoolchildren from ages 7-12 in Edirne, Turkey. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study and 1900 children were stratified by the school population, age and gender. The questionnaire collected information from parents about the prevalence of constipation and associated factors as well. It asked about bowel movements, socio-demographic data, personal and family stressors, parental concern about constipation, and treatment methods. Results: The overall prevalence of constipation was 7.2%. It was 7.3% in boys and 7.2% in girls (P > 0.05). The parameters of siblings with health problems, constipation history in family members, abnormal oral habits, and little regular sporting activity were more common in constipated children than in non-constipated ones (P < 0.05). In the logistic regression analysis, never having used school toilets (OR: 5.9) and having problem to control their bowel after 2 years of age (OR: 3.1) were found to be major risk factors for constipation in schoolchildren ages 7-12 years. Constipated children had a lower consumption rate of fruits and vegetables and a higher consumption rate of milk-group foods, biscuits and macaroni than non-constipated children. Parental concern was at 90% and the rate of medical consultation was 23.2% for constipated children. Conclusions: The risk factors for childhood constipation may be genetic, psychological or organic. Bowel functions may be affected by dietary habits. Parents, health and education professionals should give special attention to childhood constipation.Öğe Hand-washing behaviour and nurses' knowledge after a training programme(Wiley, 2011) Erkan, Tulay; Findik, Ummu Yildiz; Tokuc, BurcuThe aim of this study was to evaluate the nurses' hand-washing behaviour and knowledge before and after a training programme. This prospective study involved 200 nurses who participated in hand-washing training at a university hospital in Turkey. The data were collected using a personal information form and pre- and post-test surveys that had been developed by the researchers. During the study, the nurses received 40 min of training on hand washing and a handbook prepared by the researchers. The hand-washing behaviour and knowledge of the nurses were assessed before training and 1 month after the training. To analyse the data, descriptive statistics, a t-test and a Mc Nemar chi-squared test were used. Following the training, there was a significant increase in the frequency of hand washing by the nurses (t = -2.202, P = 0.029), together with an increase in the time allowed for hand washing (P = 0.024, P < 0.05), knowledge of hand-washing practices (t = -16.081, P < 0.05) and quality (t = -10.874, P < 0.05). Planned training programmes for hand washing should be implemented to improve the behaviour and knowledge of nurses.Öğe HEPATITIS E VIRUS EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ADULT POPULATION IN EDIRNE PROVINCE, TURKEY(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2009) Eker, Alper; Tansel, Oezlem; Kunduracilar, Hakan; Tokuc, Burcu; Yulugkural, Zerrin; Yusel, PelinHepatitis E virus (HEV) clinical presentations range from asymptomatic infection to fulminant hepatitis which is frequently seen in pregnant women. Epidemics due to HEV mostly originate from contaminated water and the virus is transmitted by fecal oral way. Its frequency is closely related to the socioeconomical status of the community. The aim of this first community-based study performed in Edirne province (located at Trace region of Turkey) was to determine the seroprevalence of HEV and the risk factors in the city center. Five hundred eighty two people (273 men, 309 women) over age 15 years, representing the population of Edirne city center were included in the study. Anti-HEV IgG antibodies were investigated in the serum samples by ELISA method. Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in a total of 14 cases (11 women, 3 men) and HEV infection prevalence was found to be 2.4%. The mean age of seropositive people was 50.86 +/- 16.76 years while it was 40.7 +/- 16.9 years in seronegative people (p= 0.027). This result was attributed to the better water supply and sanitation conditions in Edirne province in comparison to other parts of Turkey and shift of HEV seropositivity in older ages. No statistically significant difference was detected between seropositive and seronegative cases in terms of socioeconomical conditions, both groups being in high socioeconomical level. The analysis of the risk factors revealed that the rate of people living in houses built with materials other than reinforced concrete (p= 0.044), dealing with stockbreeding (p= 0.046) and consuming fruits and vegetables without proper washing (p= 0.015) were significantly higher in the seropositive group. No statistically significant difference was detected for the other risk factors such as the number of household, presence of city water supply and sewage system in the house, location of the water closet outside house, lack of hand-washing habits, sharing utensils, consumption of raw vegetables, history of blood transfusion, surgery, dental intervention, jaundice, contact with a case of hepatitis, abortion/stillbirth and suspicious sexual contact. While the HEV seropositivity rate (2.4%) detected in Edirne was lower than the average of Turkey (6%), it was similar to the results reported from western part of the country. High rates of seropositivity among people with individual incompatibility to the hygiene rules denotes that personal hygiene is an important factor for prevention from HEV infection. High rate of seropositivity among people dealing with stockbreeding also suggests that there may be different ways of HEV transmission other than contaminated water in sporadic cases.Öğe Hormone replacement therapy process and effects of reproductive factors on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women(Aves Yayincilik, Ibrahim Kara, 2007) Balkanli-Kaplan, Petek; Oezden, Guelsah; Tokuc, Burcu; Yuece, M. AliObjectives: The effects,of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and reproductive factors such as parity, age of menopause, and duration of menopause on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women were investigated. Patients and Methods: Age, reproductive history and HRT data of 322 postmenopausal women (mean age 52.4 +/- 6.2 years; range 3876) who applied to the outpatient menopause clinic of Trakya University Medical Faculty were gathered from the medical archives of the outpatient clinic. Patients were grouped according to the duration and current status of estrogen therapy and the effects of these variables on BMD were analysed. Bone mineral densities of lumbar spine, femur, trochanter, and Ward's triangle sites were measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Results: Bone mineral densities of trochanter, and Ward's triangle sites of postmenopausal women who received HRT for more than 3 years were found to be significantly higher than those women who were treated for less than 3 years. Vertebral bone densities were significantly higher in postmenopausal women who received HRT for more than 3 years, compared to those women who were never treated with HRT Ward's triangle and vertebral bone densities were significantly higher in postmenopausal Women who received HRT for more than 3 years and those currently on HRT, compared to those women who never received HRT BMD values of women who started but interrupted their HRTs, were similar to the values found in women who never received HRT Increasing parity and duration of menopause were the factors that reduced BMD values. Conclusion: It appeared that BMD of hip and spine increased in postmenopausal women after the third or more years on HRT and during the period of treatment with HRT. Parity and duration of menopause were identified as factors which increase the risk of osteoporosis.Öğe Importance of p53, bcl-2, p21WAF1 and PCNA positivities in renal angiomyolipomas(Allied Acad, 2017) Budak, Metin; Yalcin, Omer; Usta, Ufuk; Tokuc, BurcuAngiomyolipomas are tumors of the kidneys which are often benign in character with a potential for malignant transformation. The benign-malign distinction in these tumors can be made only with clinical follow-up as they exhibit the same microscopic appearance. In the present study, immunohistochemical investigation has been performed for p53, p21(WAF1), PCNA and bcl-2, which may be markers for the histological distinction of benign and malignant cases. The p53, p21WAF1, PCNA and bcl-2 investigations in 10 tumor tissues with AML revealed significantly higher p53 positivity in 3 patients. The clinical follow-up of these three patients showed malignant progression. In conclusion, we believe that p53 positivity may be an appropriate marker for the benign-malign distinction in AML tumors.Öğe Influence of N-acetylcysteine on renal toxicity of cadmium in rats(Springer, 2008) Kaplan, Mustafa; Atakan, Irfan H.; Aydogdu, Nurettin; Aktoz, Tevfik; Ozpuyan, Fulya; Seren, Guelay; Tokuc, BurcuThe aim of this study was to investigate the ability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to prevent cadmium (Cd)-induced renal damage and whether NAC would reverse cadmium damage to the kidney. Fifty adult male rats were divided into five experimental groups: group 1 received tap water for 3 months and 7 days, group 2 received cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for 3 months, group 3 (NAC cotreatment group) received CdCl2 and 0.5% NAC in tap water for 3 months, group 4 received CdCl2 in tap water for 3 months and 3 months later received only tap water for 7 days, and group 5 (NAC posttreatment group) received CdCl2 in tap water for 3 months and 3 months later received 2% NAC in tap water for 7 days. NAC significantly decreased the elevated kidney malondialdehyde levels, as a marker of lipid peroxidation, in both cotreatment and posttreatment modalities. Cotreatment and posttreatment with NAC significantly increased kidney superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and glutathione level but did not change kidney catalase enzyme activity. NAC decreased fractional excretion of sodium in posttreatment group. Neither Cd nor NAC affected the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Cotreatment and posttreatment with NAC reduced the effects of Cd on proximal tubules. It was found that NAC showed these effects without changing kidney accumulation of cadmium. Exogenously administrated NAC might reduce toxic effects of Cd on the kidney without any reduction in tissue Cd level.Öğe Knowledge on and Attitudes Toward HIV/AIDS Among Medical Students of the Trakya University Medical Faculty(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2009) Ekuklu, Galip; Tokuc, BurcuObjective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes for HIV/AIDS among medical students of the Trakya University Medical Faculty. Material and Methods: The sample group including 210 students was selected among 830 students enrolled in the medical faculty by 25% sampling after weighting for sex and classes. A structured questionnaire including 10 open-ended and 6 close-ended questions (total 16 questions) was given to the students under direct observation. Results: The students gave correct answers to 85% of the knowledge questions. In the first three classes, the level of knowledge on the routes of transmission and the body fluids containing the HIV virus was inadequate. In the 1(st) and 2(nd) classes, homosexuality and/or bisexuality was not considered a risk for HIV/AIDS. Eighty-five percent of students reported mass media as the main source of information on HIV/AIDS and approximately 60% thought their knowledge was inadequate. Overall, 43% of medical students had some negative attitudes like objection to being in the same class with an HIV positive person. Conclusion: The lack of knowledge on HIV/AIDS among medical students is a major issue and may have a negative effect on the fight against HIV/AIDS, because in the future, these students will serve as health care providers. Therefore, the medical curriculum should be revised for content, time and form of lessons on HIV/AIDS.Öğe Knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practices of food service staff regarding food hygiene in Edirne, Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2009) Tokuc, Burcu; Ekuklu, Galip; Berberoglu, Ufuk; Bilge, Esra; Dedeler, HasanThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices among food service staff with regards to food hygiene in hospitals in Edirne, Turkey, and to provide baseline data for implementing HACCP in hospital food services by carrying out a questionnaire by a face-to-face interview. The current study shows that food service staff in Edirne hospitals have insufficient knowledge regarding the basics of food hygiene. And also revealed a discrepancy between attitudes and practices towards food hygiene. There is an immediate need for continuous training among food handlers regarding safe food handling practices. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Mortality Rates and Related Factors in Respiratory Intensive Care Unit Patients(Aves, 2007) Altiay, Gundeniz; Tabakoglu, Erhan; Ozdemir, Levent; Tokuc, Burcu; Cevirme, Leyla; Hatipoglu, Osman Nuri; Caglar, TuncayThe aim of this study is to identify the mortality rates and the influential factors in the respiratory intensive care unit (ICU). We prospectively evaluated a total of 150 patients consecutively admitted with respiratory failure between May 2003 and May 2005 in Trakya University Hospital, and 135 patients were enrolled in the study. The patients excluded from the study were the ones who died within the first 24 hours of ICU (n: 8), or had malignant diseases (n: 7). Chi-square test and t-test were used to compare hospital survivors with non-survivors, and logistic regression analysis was performed to define independent factors influencing the mortality rates in the hospital. To determine the efficiency of APACHE II, ROC analysis was used. 92 of the patients were male and 43 were female. The mean age was 64.9 +/- 12.9 years. The mortality rate was 32.6% (n: 44). The highest mortality rate was in patients with severe pneumonia/sepsis. (54.2%). The main conditions independently associated with increased mortality rate were arrhythmias (odds ratio [OR], 8.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.67-24.58; p < 0.05), the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (OR, 6.04; 95% CI, 1.88 - 19.34; p < 0.05), the need for cardiotonic medication (OR: 5.36; % 95 CI: 1.67 - 17.22, p<0.05) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (OR: 5-21; 95% CI: 1.54-17.63; p < 0.05).Öğe Mucins, trefoil factors and pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 expression in spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia and intestinal metaplasia adjacent to gastric carcinomas(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2020) Can, Nuray; Puyan, Fulya Oz; Altaner, Semsi; Ozyilmaz, Filiz; Tokuc, Burcu; Pehlivanoglu, Zeynep; Kutlu, Kemal AliIntroduction: Gastric cancers are the second cause of cancer related deaths all around the world but gastric carcinogenesis remains a mystery. Intestinal metaplasia (IM) and spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia (SPEM) are the two types of preneoplastic metaplasias. In this study, we aimed to investigate expression of Pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), mucins (MUCs), trefoil factors (TFFs) in SPEM and IM surrounding gastric carcinomas. Material and methods: Tissue samples of tumor adjacent gastric mucosa including IM (n = 61) and SPEM (n = 36) from 70 gastrectomy specimens were used for immunohistochemical analysis of PDX1, mucins (MUC5AC, MUC6) and trefoil factors (TFF2, TFF3). Results: Nuclear expression of PDX1 was present in both SPEM (32/36) and IM (60/61) and there was no significant difference in expression of PDX1 between the two types of metaplasias. While TFF3 and MUC5AC were abundant in IM, SPEM showed 100% expression of TFF2 and MUC6 and also lower positivity with TFF3 and MUC5AC. PDX1 positivity was related to expression of MUC5AC (60/61, p < 0.001) and TFF3 (60/61, p < 0.001) in IM and also associated with expression of MUC5AC (14/32, p < 0.05), MUC6 (32/32, p < 0.001), TFF2 (32/32, p < 0.001) and TFF3 (9/32, p < 0.05) in SPEM. Coexpression of TFF3 and TFF2 was present in 10 of 36 (27.7%) samples of SPEM and also 29 of 61 (47.5%) samples of IM exhibited dual expression of trefoil peptides. Conclusions: PDX1 may affect the development of SPEM and IM. Expression patterns of TFFs and MUCs may indicate that IM evolves from SPEM.Öğe Neuromuscular Morphometry of the Uterine Ligaments and Vaginal Wall in Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse(Wiley, 2011) Kaplan, Petek Balkanli; Usta, Ufuk; Inal, Hasan Ali; Tastekin, Tugba; Tokuc, BurcuAims: The aim of this study was to compare neuromuscular histomorphometry of the uterine ligaments and vaginal wall in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. Methods: Biopsies were obtained from the round, uterosacral, and cardinal ligaments of the uterus and apical vaginal wall of women having pelvic organ prolapse repaired (stage >= II; prolapse group, 37) and the same location in patients with no prolapse (stage < II; control group, 47). Routine hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) staining and immunohistochemical staining for Protein Gene Product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and smooth muscle alpha-actin were performed for all specimens. Results: Smooth muscle percentage of the uterosacral and cardinal ligaments were not significantly different in women with prolapse than in women without. In round ligament, mean smooth muscle percentage was lower than in women with normal support (81.63 +/- 8.2 vs. 51.63 +/- 16, P = 0.000). Mean distance of the smooth muscle fibers from surface epithelium of the vaginal epithelium of the women with prolapse were significantly higher than the control group (1.679 +/- 0.34 vs. 2.240 +/- 0.33, P = 0.000). PGP 9.5 stained area percentage of uterine ligaments and vaginal wall tissue samples were significantly lower in women with prolapse. Conclusions: Both total innervation of the anterior vaginal epithelium and uterine ligaments, and muscular percentage of the round ligament and vaginal wall were decreased in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Neurourol. Urodyn. 30: 126-132, 2011. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
