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    EVALUATION OF TURKISH RICE VARIETIES (ORYZA SATIVA L.) FOR REPRODUCTIVE STAGE COLD ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS TOLERANCE IN AFRICA
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Zenna, Negussie; Rasoazany, Fanomezantsoa; Kwayu, Rehema; Ndomondo, Martin; Surek, Halil; Beser, Necmi
    Low-temperature-induced crop loss is one of a major threat in rice production; introduction of cold tolerant trait from cultivars that are well adapted to cooler climates is considered a vital strategy to mitigate the crop loss. In this study, twenty geno-types obtained from Trakya Agricutural Research Institute, in Turkey were evaluated for their reproductive stage cold tolerance in order to identify best performers for African cold-prone rice growing ecologies. The genotypes were first screened in temperature regulated screen house at AfricaRice research station in Tanzania, then field evaluated in Madagascar at the elevation of 1650 meter above sea level in rainfed lowland ecology. The genotypes showed range of reactions for the cold stress from highly susceptible to highly tolerant level. The susceptible genotypes showed consistent delay in flowering date up to 20 days, height reduction up to 40% and spikelet sterility up to 100% and consequently yield loss up to 100%. Nevertheless, in the field trial six genotypes; namely: Meric, Surek-95, Serhat-92, Duragan, Negis and Halilbey were identified to have superior performance compared to the local cold tolerant checks, with the yield potential of more than 5 t/ha. These candidate genotypes can be used to expand rice production in cold prone areas and contribute to food security in Africa.
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    AN INVESTIGATION OF VARIOUS DRIP IRRIGATION TREATMENTS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.).
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Beser, Necmi; Surek, Halil; Sahin, Sultan; Kaya, Recep; Tuna, Bulent; Cakir, Recep
    This research was carried out to investigate various drip irrigation treatments in rice. Six drip irrigation treatments and traditional flooded rice culture were examined with Osmancik-9 7 rice variety. Drip irrigation laterals with an emitter discharge rate of 2 l/h and emitter spacing of 0,30 m were used in drip irrigation system. Distances between laterals were 80 cm or 160 cm according to drip irrigation treatments. As a to two year means, highest yield was obtained from T7 control treatment (flooded irrigation) with 8, 027 t/ha, and it was followed by T1 (16 planted rows in plot, distance between rice rows 20 cm and distance between drip irrigation laterals 80 cm) drip irrigation treatment with 6.955 t/ha. Total water amounts applied to control flooded and drip irrigation treatments were determined respectively as 1806 mm and 789 mm (including rainfall). 56,31 % less water was used at drip irrigation treatment than the control flooded irrigation treatment. While water use efficiency (WUE) was 0,444 kg paddy/t water in flooded irrigation, it was 0,885 kg paddy/t water for the T1 which was the highest yielding drip irrigation treatment.
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    SEARCH OF EFFECTIVE RESISTANT GENES TO THE RICE BLAST PATHOGEN (MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA) UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN TURKEY
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Beser, Necmi; Surek, Halil; Sahin, Mevlut
    The objective of this study was to determine which resistance genes to the rice blast pathogen (Magnaporthe grisea) were effective in the field in Turkey in 2011 and 2013, in order to determine the most promising genes for use in resistance breeding program. In 2011, 21 monogenic lines in the genetic background of 'Lijiangxintuanheigu' (LTH) targeting 16 different resistant genes, 1 line harbouring P140 gene together with susceptible checks 'LTH 'CO39', and local susceptible checks 'Diyarbakir yerli' and 'Sariceltik', and additional some cultivars were tested in 10 locations. In 2013,29 monogenic LTH lines targeting 24 blast resistant genes and 2 lines harbouring the Pi40 gene were tested in 2 locations. We observed that, Pi1, Pi7, Pi9, Pi12, Pi20, Pi40, Pib, Pik-h, Pik-m, Pik-p, and Piz-5 genes provided resistance in all rice locations tested. Moreover, Pi5(t), Pita, Pita-2, Pit, and Pi-z provided moderate resistance in Turkey. Pi7, Pi9, Pi12, Pi20, Pi40, Pib, Pik-h, Pikm, Pik-p, and Piz-5 genes can be used alone or in different combinations. To obtain durable resistance to rice blast in Turkey, we recommend breeding cultivars containing different stacked combinations of afore mentioned genes. Pi1, P15(t), Pita, Pita-2, Pit, and Piz genes, when added to such stacks, could further improve blast resistance in rice cultivars for Turkey.