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    Ameliorative effects of melatonin on intestinal oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    (Istanbul Univ, Fac Pharmacy, 2020) Yakut, Zatiye Ayca Cevikelli; Akcay, Gizem Buse; Cevik, Ozge; Sener, Goksel
    Background and Aims: The potential therapeutic effects of melatonin on changes in intestinal tissue of diabetic rats were investigated. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into 5 groups (10 rats in each): Control, diabetes, diabetes+insulin, diabetes+melatonin, and diabetes+insulin+melatonin groups. Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to the rats to induce diabetes. At the end of 8 weeks of treatment, after blood glucose measurement and subsequent decapitation, glutathione (GSH) and matondialdehyde (MDA) levels and caspase-3, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the intestinal tissue were investigated. Results: in diabetic animals, elevated blood glucose levels caused oxidant damage in the intestinal tissue that was demonstrated with increased MDA levels, caspase and MPO activities, and decreased GSH levels and SOD activities. Although melatonin demonstrated more significant results than insulin, separate administration of both melatonin and insulin improved the oxidative damage parameters compared to the diabetes group. In the combined treatment group, all parameters were back to control levels statistically more significant when compared with the treatment-alone. Conclusion: Melatonin has been shown to protect intestinal tissue from diabetic oxidant damage. With insulin treatment in type I diabetes, melatonin supplements may increase the quality of life through reducing complications.
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    Exercise and caloric restriction improve cardiovascular and erectile function in rats with metabolic syndrome
    (Springernature, 2021) Cevikelli-Yakut, Zatiye Ayca; Ozcelik, Reyhan; Cevik, Ozge; Sener, Tarik Emre; Sener, Goksel
    The aim of this study is to examine the possible benefits of exercise and caloric restriction (CR) on cardiovascular hemodynamics, erectile function, and antioxidant system in metabolic syndrome (MS). Sixty male Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into five groups; control, MS, MS + CR, MS + exercise (EXC), and MS + CR + EXC. To induce MS, 10% fructose solution was applied for 3 months. Thereafter, in CR groups calorie was restricted 40% and in EXC groups swimming was performed for 6 weeks. Body weight, blood glucose, and blood pressure (BP) levels were measured before and after MS induction and at the end of the experiment. After decapitation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, adiponectin (ADP), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 levels were investigated in blood, oxidative stress parameters were examined in heart, aorta, and corpus cavernosum (CC) tissues. Isometric contraction in isolated tissue bath was studied in aorta and CC tissues. Animals subjected to exercise and CR had decreased BP and blood glucose levels. Impaired contraction-relaxation responses in MS group were improved with exercise and CR. MS-induced increase in TNF-alpha, PAI-1, malondialdehyde (MDA), and decrease in ADP, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were normalized with exercise and CR. Exercise and CR may be beneficial against changes in cardiovascular hemodynamics caused by MS.
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    What we know about COVID-19 and its treatment
    (Marmara Univ, 2020) Yakut, Zatiye Ayca Cevikelli; Sakarcan, Sinem; Sener, Goksel
    Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is the human coronavirus and a member of the Coronaviridae family leads to fatal pneumonia cases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 attaches to the cells in the human body through binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor with the spike (S) protein. Firstly, SARS-CoV-2 arised in China in late 2019 and was reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). The World Health Organization named the disease caused by this virus as corona virus disease (COVID)-19. SARS-CoV-2 which has human-to-human transmission through droplets, direct contact and aerosol routes have affected more than 10 million people and caused more than 500 thousand deaths. Clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, dry cough, sore throat, respiratory distress, lung damage, and diarrhea. In severe cases, mechanical ventilation is required and multiple organ damage is encountered. COVID-19 is diagnosed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique which is applied to saliva and swab samples taken from the nose or nasal cavity. Lung damage is detected by computerized tomography (CT). COVID-19 develops more severely in patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes and cancer. While vaccine and drug development studies are continuing all over the world, available antiviral drugs such as umifenovir, remdesivir, favipiravir are also tested against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the plasma donated from the recovered patients are tested for COVID-19 treatment. Additionally, treating the inflammatory conditions developing due to COVID-19 and applying antimicrobial drugs against co-infections are among the current approaches.