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Öğe Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Diagnosed at the End of First Trimester with a Successful Outcome(Kare Publ, 2018) Baysal, Mehmet; Umit, Elif G.; Ozdover, Ali Caner; Sutcu, Havva; Cilingir, Isil Uzun; Kirkizlar, Onur; Sayin, CenkThe treatment and management of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) diagnosed in pregnancy can involve a wide range of difficulties and limitations. Thus, these cases are each unique and present challenges to physicians. The aim of this study was to present the case of a 24-year-old patient who was diagnosed with APL in the 14th week of pregnancy who was treated successfully with all-trans retinoic acid and chemotherapy.Öğe Analysis of Antenatal Sonographic Features of the Fetuses with Trisomy 21(Kowsar Publ, 2018) Uzun, Isil; Sayin, Cenk; Erzincan, Selen; Ivan, Cihan; Sutcu, Havva; Varol, FusunObjectives: To evaluate the second trimester ultrasound findings of the fetuses with Down syndrome. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 781 patients who underwent prenatal invasive test between November 2011 and July 2015. Based on the patients' medical records, the demographic data and second trimester ultrasound findings of the fetuses with Down syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Trisomy 21 was detected in 26 (3.3%) patients. The median (min-max) maternal age of trisomy 21 cases was 31.9 (17 - 41) years. The karyotype indications were high risk in the combined test, triple test, quadruple test and pathologic findings on the ultrasound examination. One case in the ultrasound group had both of combined test and triple test in the low risk area. In this patient, ultrasound examination revealed talipes equinovarus and delayed chorioamniotic fusion at 27 weeks of gestation. Trisomy 21 was detected in four patients by chorion villus biopsy at the first trimester. Second trimester ultrasound was performed in 22 out of these 26 women. However, there were sonographic findings in only 16 (72.7%) patients. Six (27.2%) fetuses had no minor or major anomaly at the detailed ultrasound examination. The frequency of major cardiac anomaly was 22.7%. Choroid plexus cyst and aberrant right subclavian artery were the single findings in two fetuses at the second trimester ultrasound exam. Conclusion: Although the sensitivity of second trimester genetic ultrasound for detection of fetal Down syndrome at our perinatology unit was rather high, nearly one of three patients with Down syndrome had no detectable sonographic finding. Second trimester ultrasound alone is not strong enough to exclude the diagnosis of Down's syndromeÖğe Analysis of Ear y and Late Cases of Idiopathic Abruptio Placenta in Preterm Patients(Galenos Yayincilik, 2019) Cilingir, Isil Uzun; Varol, Fusun; Sutcu, Havva; Inan, Cihan; Yener, Cem; Sayin, CenkObjective: To evaluate the cases of idiopathic abruptio placenta in early and late preterm period. Methods: Normotansive singleton pregnancies with the diagnosis of abruptio placenta between 23 and 37 weeks of pregnancy were included in the study. The patients with a risk factor for abruptio plaicenta (preeclampsia, travma, heavy smoking, polyhydoamnios etc) were excluded from the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the gestational weeks at delivery. Group I was consisted of the pregnant patiens between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation and group II was consisted of pregnant patients between 32 and 37 weeks of gestation. Results: Mean maternal age of the pregnant patients was 28.3 years.The demographic characteristics were smilar in the groups. The most common complaint at the admission was bleeding in group I (13/17, 76.4%), whereas pain (5/11, 45.4%) in group II. There were statistically significant difference in breech and transvers position of the fetuses between the early cases and late cases of abruptio placenta (p<0.05). Conclusion: Abruptio placenta may occur even in the patients without any risk factors. It should be borne in mind that abruptio placenta may have may different clinical presentations. It has different clinical symptoms and prognosis in early and late preterm period.Öğe Assessment of CA-125 area under the curve as a prognostic factor in patients with ovarian cancer(Humana Press Inc, 2013) Uzunoglu, Sernaz; Aybatli, Aysun; Kaplan, Petek Balkanli; Cicin, Irfan; Sut, Necdet; Sayin, Cenk; Varol, FusunThe goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of CA-125 area under the curve (CA-125 AUC) as a prognostic factor following surgical treatment for ovarian cancer patients. A retrospective analysis was conducted on ninety-five patients with ovarian cancer who had primary treatment in a tertiary center between 2000 and 2010. After either optimal or cytoreductive surgery, all patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. CA-125 AUC was calculated for each patient that had a minimum of three CA-125 serum measurements during the treatment period. The mean age at diagnosis and mean survival were 53.9 years (range, 16-75 years) and 35.6 +/- 22.9 months (range, 3.1-95.4 months), respectively. The mean (and median) CA-125 AUC of patients of FIGO stages I, II, III, and IV was 53.0 (42.5), 58.06 (58.06), 97.8 (54.6), and 405.2 (149.3) IU/ml day, respectively (p = 0.004). The mean CA-125 AUC was 57.7, 410.1, and 636.3 IU/ml day for patients with a complete response, partial response, and no response/progressive disease to first-line chemotherapy, respectively (p < 0.001). The CA-125 AUC cut-off level for an overall survival of >= 5 years was 99.75 IU/ml day with a sensitivity of 90.9 % (95 % CI, 70.8-98.6) with 1.27 as positive likelihood ratio. Patients who suffer from ovarian cancer, with a lower CA125 AUC, have a better overall survival than those with a higher CA125 AUC. CA-125 AUC could be used as an independent factor for evaluating the treatment efficacy and chemotherapy response.Öğe Carotid intima-media thickness:. a new marker of patients with uterine leiomyoma(Elsevier, 2014) Aksoy, Yuksel; Sivri, Nasir; Karaoz, Banu; Sayin, Cenk; Yetkin, ErtanObjective: To determine whether or not there are any significant differences in carotid intima-media thickness between patients with uterine leiomyoma and controls. Study Design: Patients whose ages were between 40 and 50 years, with body mass index <30 kg/m(2), and with a pathological diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma constituted the study group. Control subjects had no uterine leiomyoma proven by sonography. Demographic, clinical, and drug history data were collected. Right, left and mean carotid intima-media thickness measurements were obtained by ultrasonography. Results: Carotid intima-media thickness and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were significantly different between the groups (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.001 respectively), being respectively higher and lower in the leiomyoma group than in controls. Stepwise binary logistic regression analysis revealed that uterine leiomyoma development ratio was 159.32 times higher when carotid intima-media thickness was over 0.61 mm (p = 0.0001). In patients with uterine leiomyoma, carotid intima-media thickness was significantly less in patients taking statins compared to those not on these drugs (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a positive association between carotid intima-media thickness and the presence of uterine leiomyoma. Conversely, an inverse association was suggested between HDL and uterine leiomyoma. These findings suggest that women with uterine leiomyoma might have an increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Comparison of postpartum sonographic findings after uneventful vaginal and cesarean section deliveries(Medical Communications, 2018) Cilingir, Isil Uzun; Sayin, Cenk; Sutcu, Havva; Alici, Ebru; Inan, Cihan; Erzincan, Selen; Yener, CemObjective: To prospectively determine the sonographic findings of the postpartum uterus 24 hours after vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Methods: Women who had uneventful vaginal delivery or cesarean section from July 2015 to May 2018 in a tertiary care hospital were prospectively included. Uterine lengths, endometrium, amout of free fluid, the distance between the uterine fundus-promontorium and uterine fundus-L5 were evaluated 24 hours after delivery. Results: The mean (min-max) endometrial thickness in the vaginal delivery and cesarean section groups were 13.3 (4-25) and 12.4 (4-29) mm, respectively. Fundus-cervix length was significantly higher in the vaginal delivery group compared to the cesarean section group (184.05 +/- 16.8 vs 163.6 +/- 6.7 mm, p < 0.001). The measurements of anterior and anterior-posterior walls of the uterus, anteroposterior uterine length and uterine width were similar in both groups. Promontorium-fundus length was significantly higher in patients who delivered vaginally than those by cesarean section (123.3 +/- 13.6 vs 108.7 +/- 23.3 mm, p = 0.005). Conclusion: The measurement of L5-fundus distance is a simple and effective technique to evaluate the size of the uterus. Homogenous endometrium up to 30 mm in asymptomatic patients may be a normal finding 24 hours after delivery. The results of this study may be helpful in the decision-making process in cases of early postpartum hemorrhage or hemodynamic instability.Öğe Comparison of the efficacy of the immediate-release and osmotic push-pull system formulations of nifedipine for tocolysis(Wiley, 2019) Iran, Cihan; Sayin, Cenk; Dolgun, Nihal; Uzun, Isil; Erzincan, Selen G.; Sutcu, Havva; Varol, FusunAim To compare the immediate-release (IR) and osmotic push-pull system formulations of nifedipine used for tocolysis in prolonging pregnancy, neonatal outcomes and maternal-fetal adverse effects. Methods We evaluated 140 pregnant women who received the IR (n = 72) and osmotic push-pull system (n = 68) formulations of nifedipine for tocolysis due to threatened preterm labor between 24(0/7) and 33(6/7) weeks of gestation. Groups were compared in terms of efficacy of tocolysis in prolonging pregnancy for more than 48 h, 7 days and up to 37 weeks of gestation, total number of days gained for prolonging pregnancy, delivery weeks, maternal-fetal adverse effects and neonatal outcomes including ventilation support, need for intubation or surfactant, intraventricular hemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, neonatal death, Apgar scores at the 1st and 5th minutes. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in prolonging pregnancy for more than 48 h or 7 days, total number of days gained after tocolysis initiation, delivery weeks, the number of births at 34(0/7)-36(6/7) weeks or after 37 weeks of gestation (P > 0.05). Maternal-fetal adverse effects and neonatal outcomes were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The efficacy of IR and osmotic push-pull system formulations of nifedipine have similar effects in terms of tocolysis and neonatal outcomes, adverse effects. Osmotic push-pull system formulation of nifedipine may be an alternative medication in tocolytic therapy due to its ease of use and the absence of loading dose necessity.Öğe Does emergency cerclage really works in patients with advanced cervical dilatation?(Elsevier Masson, Corp Off, 2019) Cilingir, Isil Uzun; Sayin, Cenk; Sutcu, Havva; Inan, Cihan; Erzincan, Selen; Yener, Cem; Varol, FusunObjective: To asses the efectivity of emergency cerclage in the patients with advance cervical dilatation and prolapsed membranes. Material methods: The patients who have >= 4 cm cervical dilatation with protruding membranes were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I was consisted of the patients who had emergency cerclage procedure and group II was consisted of the patients who denied the operation and expectantly managed. The physical examination, pregnancy outcomes and the complications were compared between the groups. The results of the patients with emergency cerclage were analysed. Results: 21 patients were referred with a >= 4 cm cervical dilatation with protruding membranes 33.3% of women with emergency cerclage were delivered within one week from the admission. One patient, who was a grand multiparous (G6P4A1), was delivered a healthy infant at 40 weeks of gestation. The remaining five patients were delivered between 21 and 24 weeks, but all the infants were died due to extreme prematurity. Two patients (22.2%) developed chorioamnionitis that necessitated long hospitalization (14-21 days). In group II (expectant management) 83,3% of the patients were delivered within the 48 h from the admission. There were no case of chorioamnionitis in group II. Conclusion: Emergency cervical cerclage is not a rationale option for the patients with an advanced cervical dilation (>4 cm) together with protruding membranes in early second trimester because of the short prolongation time and high complication rate. (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.Öğe Emergency cerclage in twins during mid gestation may have favorable outcomes: Results of a retrospective cohort(Elsevier Masson, 2018) Cilingir, Isil Uzun; Sayin, Cenk; Sutcu, Havva; Inan, Cihan; Erzincan, Selen; Yener, Cem; Varol, FusunPurpose. - Cervical cerclage treatment for cervical changes at mid trimester is a very controversial topic in twins. The aim of the study was to present our maternal and fetal outcomes of mid-trimester cervical cerclage in twin pregnancies. Basic procedures. - This study was performed using data extracted from the medical files of the twin pregnancies whom performed emergency cervical cerclage between January 2012 and March 2018 at Trakya University, Facuty of Medicine, Department of Perinatology. Main findings. - Mean (min.-max.) gestational age at delivery was [27.3 (21-34) weeks]. The median time between cervical cerclage and delivery was 6.4 weeks, while the maximum prolongation of the pregnancy was 11 weeks. The median prolongation period of pregnancy was 4.1 weeks in patients with bulging membranes, but 10 weeks in patients with cervical effacement and cervical shortening. Eight infants died at the neonatal period. Two patients (20%) developed late abortions at 21 and 22 weeks of gestation, and 2 women (20%) delivered extremely premature neonates at the 24th weeks. Overall neonatal mortality rate was 40% (8/20 neonates). Twelve out of twenty were born alive (60%). Principal conclusions. - Despite the lack of randomized controlled trials, it seems reasonable to offer emergency cervical cerclage to twin pregnancies with cervical shortening (<15 mm). For the twin pregnancies with advanced cervical dilatation and protruding membranes, emergency cervical cerclage should be an option only for carefully selected patients after informing about the complications and low success rate. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.Öğe Evaluation of Detailed Fetal Renal Sonographic Findings and the Early Neonatal Outcomes of the Patients with Fetal Pelviectasis Whom Referred After 24th Weeks of Pregnancy(Galenos Publ House, 2022) Cilingir, Isil Uzun; Sayin, Cenk; Suetcue, Havva; Inan, Cihan; Erzincan, Selen Guersoy; Varol, FuesunObjective: Analysis of detailed renal sonographic findings in the patients whom referred to our tertiary center with the diagnosis of renal pelvic dilatation (RPD) after 24 weeks of gestation.Method: The study group consisted of the patients who have referred by their doctors to our perinatology center with a diagnosis of pelviectasy. Maternal age, gestational week, right and left renal pelvis diameter, bladder diameter, amniotic fluid index, other sonographic findings and antenatal diagnosis were analysed.Results: Bilateral hydronephrosis were detected in 19 (44.1 8%) patients. Unilateral left hydronephrosis were found in 10 (23.2 5%) patients while right hydronephrosis were found in 6 (13.9 5%) patients. Mearn left renal pelvis diameter was 11.20 (4-32) mm and mean right renal pelvis diameter was 7.89 (4-18) mm. Antenatal diagnosis was vesicoureteral reflux in 16 (37.2 0%) patients, ureteropelvic junction obstruction in 9 (20.9 3%) patients, posterior urethral valves in 5 (11.6 2%) patients. The antetanal diagnosis was renal agenesia in one patient, renal cortikal cyst in one patient, policyctic renal disease in one patients and multiple dysplastic renal disease in 3 patients.Conclusion: When RPD is detected in the fetal ultrasound of during pregnancy, directing the patients to the perinatal centers for advanced evaluation is important, since it can prevent the progressive renal damage that may develop in the later years of life.Öğe Hemorrhagic cyst of the canal of Nuck after vaginal delivery presenting as a painful inguinal mass in the early postpartum period(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Uzun, Isil; Inan, Cihan; Varol, Fusun; Erzincan, Selen; Sutcu, Havva; Sayin, Cenk[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Inevitable Myomectomy of a Huge Submucous Myoma During Cesarean Section A Case Report(Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2018) Uzun, Isil; Sayin, Cenk; Inan, Cihan; Erzincan, Selen; Varol, FusunBACKGROUND: Submucous myoma during pregnancy is a very rare clinical entity. CASE: A 39-year-old woman was able to carry her pregnancy to term despite a huge submucous myoma and inevitable myomectomy during cesarean section. CONCLUSION: Cesarean section is indicated in patients with myomas obstructing the birth canal, and myomectomy during cesarean section is not only a reasonable option, but sometimes inevitable.Öğe The investigation of tumoral angiogenesis with HIF-1 alpha and microvessel density in women with endometrium cancer(Galenos Yayincilik, 2012) Aybatli, Aysun; Sayin, Cenk; Kaplan, Petek Balkanli; Varol, Fusun; Altaner, Semsi; Sut, NecdetObjective: Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is a nuclear protein upregulated in response to reduced cellular oxygen concentration which therefore acts as a marker for hypoxia. The aim of this study was to determine tumoral angiogenesis with immunohistochemical markers in endometrium cancer and its relation with stage, grade, survival rates and other prognostic factors. Material and Methods: Using the database in our Gynecologic Oncology clinic, we selected 94 patients who were diagnosed with endometrial cancer and underwent primary surgery at our institution between 2001 and 2010. Tissue microarrays believed to demonstrate the optimum part of the tumor were reprepared from the paraffin blocks. Angiogenesis and microvessel density (MVD) were investigated with the aid of HIF-1 alpha and CD34 antibodies. Results: High expression of HIF-1 alpha was significantly more frequent in advanced grade endometrial cancers (p=0.044). HIF-1 alpha expression was highly correlated with CD34 expression in the tumor cells (p<0.001). However lack of relation among stage, overall survival rates and histological types were analyzed with HIF-1 alpha. When we compared HIF-1 alpha positive and negative cases with cervical, adnexial, lymphovascular and myometrial invasion, there was no difference between these groups. MVD was evaluated with CD34 and it was remarkable and significantly different on advanced grade tumors (r=0.268; p=0.009). A similar significant difference was observed between the high expression of CD34 and type II endometrial cancer histology (p<0.001). However, there was no relationship between the MVD and stage or survival rates. Conclusion: High expression of HIF-1 alpha is associated with tumoral angiogenesis in endometrial adenocarcinomas. Further studies targeting HIF-1 alpha for disrupting mechanisms essential for tumor growth in endometrium cancer will be significant investigations in the future.Öğe Letter to the editor related to the article Surgical outcomes of cesarean scar pregnancy: an 8-year experience at a single institution published by Xu et al.(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Yener, Cem; Sayin, Cenk; Inan, Cihan; Altan, Esra; Ates, Sinan; Varol, Fusun[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Molecular nanoarchitectonics of proton triggered tetraphenylethylene-based detector: colorimetric, reversible, and intracellular pH(Wiley, 2023) Cilingir, Isil Uzun; Sayin, Cenk; Sutcu, Havva; Inan, Cihan; Erzincan, Selen; Varol, FusunObjectiveTo evaluate the changes in the diameters of superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) and to measure the ratio between SVC and IVC in growth-restricted fetuses and compare these results with normally grown fetuses.MethodsTwenty-three consecutive patients with fetal growth restriction (FGR) (Group I) and 23 pregnant gestational age-matched controls (Group II) between 24 and 37 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study between January 2018 and October 2018. The diameter of the SVC and IVC from inner wall to inner wall was measured in all patients by sonographic examination. The ratio between the diameter of the SVC and IVC was also measured in each patient to eliminate the gestational age factor. We have named this ratio the vena cava ratio (VCR). All parameters were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe diameter of the SVC was significantly greater in the fetuses with FGR (2.6-7.7 [5.4]) than in controls (3.2-5.6 [4.1]; P = .002; P < .01). The diameter of the IVC was significantly less in the fetuses with FGR (1.6-4.5 [3.2]) than in controls (2.7-5 [3.7]; P = .035; P < .05). The VCR was between 1.1 and 2.3 and the median value was 1.8 in Group I. The VCR was between 0.8 and 1.7 and the median value was 1.2. VCR was significantly higher in fetuses with FGR (P = .001 P < .01).ConclusionThis study shows that VCR is higher in fetuses with growth restriction. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between VCR and antenatal prognosis and postnatal results.Öğe Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Two Case Reports(Galenos Yayincilik, 2019) Tek, Seyda Cigdem; Uyar, Ahmet Senol; Cakici, Zafer; Inal, Mehmet Turan; Memis, Dilek; Tekatac, Aslan; Sayin, CenkPosterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES) syndrome is a clinical-radiological condition characterized by headache, changes in consciousness, epilepsy and visual disturbances, and usually occurs in the posterior parietal and occipital regions with vasogenic edema due to different etiologic factors. Risk factors include preeclampsia/eclampsia as well as hypertension, human immunodeficiency virus infection, organ transplantation, immunosuppressive and cytotoxic therapy, and analgesics. Treatment is usually aimed at correcting the cause of PRES. The aim of this case report was to present the characteristics of PRES, which was secondary to eclampsia in two cases, to discuss the differential diagnosis and to review the literature.Öğe Relationship between second-trimester amniotic fluid and plasma levels of angiopoietin-2 and thrombomodulin with adverse pregnancy outcome(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Yener, Cem; Varol, Fusun; Inan, Cihan; Sutcu, Havva; Ates, Sinan; Sayin, CenkOur objective is to investigate maternal midtrimester plasma and amniotic fluid (AF) levels of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and thrombomodulin (TM), which are involved in vascular remodelling and endothelium activation, in placental disorders including foetal growth restriction (FGR) and preeclampsia (PE). This prospective multiparametric pilot study was conducted at the Perinatology Division of Trakya University in a population undergoing genetic amniocentesis. Both AF and plasma aliquots were kept in -80 degrees C until ELISA assay. The pregnancies were followed up until the end of gestation in terms of obstetric results. Amniotic fluid and plasma aliquots from 127 pregnancies who underwent genetic amniocentesis between 16 and 24 weeks of gestation were analysed. During the final data evaluation, 39 were excluded with various reasons. Twelve subsequently developed FGR and 11 complicated with PE. The control group (n = 65) was consisted of women delivered >37th week with an uncomplicated outcome. The midtrimester maternal Ang-2 levels in both AF and plasma and also TM levels in plasma were found to be significantly increased in pregnancies who subsequently developed FGR or PE (p< .05). The midtrimester Ang-2, which rises in both plasma and AF and the midtrimester TM, which only significantly increase in plasma compartment in PE group, as compensatory mechanism may be the precursors of placental disorders including FGR and PE.Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? It is known that angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) has important role in placental angiogenesis and vascular remodelling. TM which is a receptor for Ang-2 plays a protective role in pregnancy by preventing the uteroplacental circulation from thrombosis. What do the results of this study add? The present study demonstrates that both midtrimester maternal plasma Ang-2/TM and amniotic fluid (AF) Ang-2 levels were significantly higher in PE and FGR group than uncomplicated group. Midtrimester AF TM levels were not significantly higher in PE group than the control group. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In the clinical practice, high levels of midtrimester Ang-2 and TM in plasma may be used for the prediction of FGR and PE. Although amniocentesis is not practical in the clinical use, the levels of these two markers in both AF and plasma compartments may contribute to explain the pathophysiology of FGR and PE.Öğe VEGFR-1, Bcl-2, and HO-1 Ratios in Pregnant Women With Hypertension(Sage Publications Inc, 2015) Varol, Fusun; Uzunoglu, Renginar; Erbas, Hakan; Sut, Necdet; Sayin, CenkBackgound/Aim: Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disease resulting in high maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to investigate antiangiogenesis-associated alterations in antiapoptotic and antioxidative proteins in PE. Method: Of the 46 patients with PE, 25 (54.3%) were with gestational hypertension (GH), 12 (26%) were with mild, and 9 (19.5%) were with severe PE. The serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia (Bcl-2) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In the severe PE group, the VEGFR-1 serum levels (27.3 16.8 vs 13.3 +/- 10.7 ng/mL, P = .023) were higher, but the Bcl-2 levels (1.5 +/- 0.2 vs 2.1 +/- 1.7 ng/mL, P = .047) were lower than the levels in the GH-mild PE group (P = .047). Also, VEGFR-1/Bcl-2 ratio in the severe PE group was significantly higher (P = .003) than the ratio in the GH-mild PE group. Conclusion: The Bcl-2 and HO-1 proteins seem to have important roles in the antiangiogenic environment of preeclampsia.
