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    Investigation of Mixing Behavior of both a Conventional Surfactant and Different Inorganic Salts with a Cationic Gemini Surfactant in Aqueous Solution
    (Wiley, 2019) Sarikaya, Ikbal; Bilgen, Selcuk; Akbas, Halide
    N,N '-bis [3-(dodecanoylamino)propyl]-N,N,N ',N '-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diaminium dibromide is a cationic Gemini surfactant including quaternary ammonium salt with amide groups. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) and some thermodynamic parameters of the cationic Gemini surfactant were investigated using surface tension and conductivity methods. Mixed micellization of binary mixtures of the cationic Gemini surfactant with a conventional surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was investigated using the conductometric method at five different temperatures ranging from 303.15 to 323.15 K. CMC, micellar ionization degree (alpha(m)), counterion binding constant (g(1)), interaction parameter (beta), and activity coefficients (f1M and f2M) of mixed systems were found out from data of conductivity at different mole fractions for all studied temperatures. Additionally, the effects of some inorganic salts with different concentrations on the surface properties of cationic Gemini surfactant were examined by surface tension measurements. Some surface properties of the pure cationic Gemini surfactant and mixed salts systems were calculated using the data of surface tension.
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    The production of fuel from, and the thermal stability of, sunflower oil, corn oil, and canola oil
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2016) Sarikaya, Ikbal; Bilgen, Selcuk; Akbas, Halide
    Frying of sunflower, corn, and canola oils was carried out for seven running days at 175 degrees C in this study. Fatty acid composition, free fatty acid, viscosity, iodine value, peroxide value, density, pH, saponification value, refractive index, average molecular weight, color, and the higher heating value of these oils have been analyzed. While the contents of free fatty acid, viscosity, saponification value, peroxide value, and colors (red and yellow) increase with the frying times, the contents of average molecular weight, iodine value, pH, and the higher heating value decreased for all oils in this work. However, reduction in the higher heating value is relatively low. This work indicated that recycling as a fuel of these oils can make a major economic contribution.
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    Studies on Synthesis, Characterization, Micellar Features, and Solubilization of Four Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2021) Sarikaya, Ikbal; Bilgen, Selcuk; Unver, Yasemin; Akbas, Halide
    Four novel cationic gemini surfactants with the same hydrocarbon chain lengths but different spacers have been investigated in this article. After these cationic gemini surfactants have been synthesized, their structures have been characterized by appropriate spectroscopic methods. By determining their Krafft temperatures, the effects of spacer type and structure on Krafft temperature have been examined. Micellization behaviors of the cationic gemini surfactants have been researched at temperatures above the determined Krafft temperatures. Critical micelle concentration (cmc), counterion binding degree (beta), and counterion dissociation degree (alpha) and standard enthalpy change (Delta H degrees(mic)), standard Gibbs free energy change (Delta G degrees(mic)), and standard entropy change (Delta S degrees(mic)) of micellization of cationic gemini surfactants have been calculated. The solubilization capabilities of these surfactants have been evaluated according to the molar solubilization ratio (MSR). Additionally, the emulsification powers have been measured.
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    Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial Activity, and Interfacial and Micellar Features of Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Different Spacers
    (Wiley, 2021) Sarikaya, Ikbal; Bilgen, Selcuk; Unver, Yasemin; Inan Bektas, Kadriye; Akbas, Halide
    In the present study, four novel imidazolium-based cationic gemini surfactants (IBCGS) have been synthesized, having same hydrocarbon chain lengths and different spacers. The impacts of type and nature of spacer on Krafft temperatures (T-K) have been examined. Micellization behaviors of IBCGS have been investigated at different temperatures above T-K by both surface tension and specific conductivity measurements. Surface activity properties of aqueous systems have been calculated using the results of the measurement data. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface pressure at CMC (n(CMC)), minimum area of head group (A(min)), degree of counterion binding (beta), degree of counterion dissociation (alpha), and maximum surface excess (Gamma(max)) of IBCGS have been calculated with data of surface tension and specific conductivity. IBCGS have low CMC values than other imidazole categories of gemini and monomeric cationic surfactants. Micelle aggregation number (N-agg) values have been determined with the steady-state fluorescence quenching method. The values of N-agg have been found in the range of 19-28. Additionally, the antibacterial activities of IBCGS on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria have been investigated. IBCGS studied in this article have showed perfect antibacterial activity particularly against gram-positive bacteria. The data obtained in this study may be benefical for the surfactant applications in different areas.