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Öğe Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism: Management of Infertility(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2021) Kalkanli, Arif; Akdere, Hakan; Cevik, Gokhan; Salabas, Emre; Cilesiz, Nusret Can; Kadioglu, AtesBackground: Medical treatments are used either alone or in combination with assisted reproductive techniques for the treatment of infertile patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. A wide range of treatment options such as gonadotropins, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and their combination are available as options. Objective: The aim of this review was to evaluate treatment options for infertile men with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Methods: A literature search of MEDLINE (1980-2019) was conducted using the terms 'hypogonadism', 'male infertility', 'gonadotropins', 'SERMs' and 'AIs'. Pathologies leading to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and treatment modalities such as gonadotropins, SERMs, AIs and surgical treatment were discussed. Results: FSH increases spontaneous pregnancy rates but the level of evidence was proven to be low for live birth rates. AIs are valid treatment options for patients with low T/E2 ratio as they significantly increase sperm concentrations. SERMs are recommended for infertile males with a sperm concentration between 10-20 million. Varicocele was reported to increase testosterone levels of hypogonadic infertile males. Conclusion: Medical treatment modalities such as gonadotropins, SERMs, AIs and a combination of these therapies has been showed to have some effect in improvement of fertility but is not mainstream of the treatment.Öğe Penile curvature after Peyronie's disease surgery: What are the risk factors?(Wiley, 2020) Salabas, Emre; Ozmez, Abdulkadir; Ermec, Bahadir; Cevik, Gokhan; Akdere, Hakan; Kadioglu, AtesSurgery is the golden standard for the treatment of patients with Peyronie's disease in chronic phase (12-18 months). Learning risk factors for post-surgical curvature (>20 degrees) would aid both surgeon and patient in their decision-making process. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for residual/recurrent curvatures. The clinical data of the patients, who underwent reconstructive surgery for PD between 1997 and 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Follow-ups were performed via physical examination, surveys and phone calls. For shortening surgery (Nesbit/plication), initial bi-planar curvature was proved to be a predictor of post-operative curvature (p = .05). Lateral and ventral curvatures were associated with higher recurrence rates in patients who underwent grafting surgery (p = .01). In terms of baseline comorbidities, only diabetes mellitus had an association with curvature nonrecurrence for both shortening and lengthening surgeries (p < .05). Grafting surgery may be suggested to patients who had bi-planar curvatures instead of Nesbit surgery. Nesbit plication surgery may be preferred for patients with lateral and ventral curvatures instead of grafting surgery. Higher cavernosal blood pressures and more nocturnal erections of nondiabetic young patients might impede plication sutures and grafts and therefore increase penile curvature recurrence.Öğe A Population-Based Study of Peyronie's Disease in Turkey: Prevalence and Related Comorbidities(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Kadioglu, Ates; Dincer, Murat; Salabas, Emre; Culha, Mehmet Gokhan; Akdere, Hakan; Cilesiz, Nusret CanIntroduction: Peyronie's disease (PD) prevalence varies between 0.39% and 20% and studies on PD prevalence are limited. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of PD in males aged >30 years in Turkey and to evaluate etiological factors associated with it. Methods: The study was conducted in 12 regions of Turkey according to the Eurostat Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 1 classification and included 1,208 patients. Survey questionnaires including questions about demographic features and basic health status as well as about diagnosis and etiology of PD were put forth to the volunteers who agreed to participate in the study. Diagnosis of probable PD was established by evaluating the questionnaires. Patients with a diagnosis of congenital penile curvature were excluded from the group with PD. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome analyzed in this article was the prevalence rate of PD in Turkey and the associated comorbidities. Results: The prevalence of PD was determined as 5.3%. The rates of participants with PD were found to be the highest in the 50-59 years group (27%) and in the North-East Region (20%). Compared with participants without PD, participants with PD were older (median: 52 interquartile range [41-64] vs 45 [37-55]; P < .001) and the rates of smokers (73% vs 60.9%; P = .036) and those having diabetes mellitus (17.5% vs 9.2%; P = .045), hypertension (14.3% vs 6.9%; P = .041), and heart failure were higher (7.9% vs 2.5%; P = .027). Male with PD symptoms preferred their partners on top during sexual intercourse (15.2% vs 34.1%; P < .001). This is the first study to evaluate premature ejaculation prevalence and related comorbidities with face-to-face interviews. Conclusion: The prevalence of PD was 5.3% in Turkey. Besides advanced age, smoking, position of sexual intercourse, and presence of comorbidities especially diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart failure were the factors associated with PD prevalence. Kadioglu A, Dincer M, Salabas E, et al. A Population-Based Study of Peyronie's Disease in Turkey: Prevalence and Related Comorbidities. Sex Med 2020;8:679-685. Copyright (c) 2020, International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
