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    Local failure after complete resection of N0-1 non-small cell lung cancer
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2011) Saynak, Mert; Veeramachaneni, Nirmal K.; Hubbs, Jessica L.; Nam, Jiho; Qaqish, Bahjat F.; Bailey, Janet E.; Chung, Wonil
    Purpose: To estimate the risk of local-regional failure (LRF) after surgery for operable NSCLC, and the effect of clinical/pathologic factors on this risk. Methods: Records of 335 patients undergoing complete resection (lobectomy, pneumonectomy) for pathological T1-4 N0-1 NSCLC (without post-operative radiation) from 1996 to 2006 were reviewed. Crude and actuarial estimated failure rates were computed; local-regional sites included ipsilateral lung, surgical stump, hilar, mediastinal, or supraclavicular nodes. Failure times in sub-groups were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared via log-rank test. Independent factors adversely affecting LRF were determined with Cox regression. Results: The median follow-up duration for event-free surviving patients was 40 months (range: 1-150). The crude and actuarial 5-year probability of any failure (LR or distant) were 33% and 43%, respectively. Of all failures; 37% were LR only, 35% LR and distant and 28% distant only. The 5-year crude and actuarial probability of LRF were 24% and 35% (95% Cl: 29-42%). Five-year crude LRF rates for T1-2N0, T1-2N1, T3-4N0 and T3-4N1 disease were 19% (41/216), 27% (16/59), 37.5% (15/40) and 40% (8/20), respectively. The corresponding actuarial estimates were T1-2N0 28%, T1-2N1 39%, T3-4N0 50% and T3-4N1 67%. In Cox multiple regression analysis, lymphovascular space invasion (p = 0.03, HR: 1.7) and tumor size (p = 0.01, HR: 1.67 for 5 cm increment) were associated with an increased risk of LRF. Conclusion: Five-year LRF rates are >= 19% in essentially all patient subsets. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.