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    The extensor indicis et medii communis
    (Wiley-Liss, 2006) Yalçin, B; Kutoglu, T; Ozan, H; Gürbüz, H
    The aim of this study was to examine the existence of the extensor indicis et medii communis in detail. Thirty-one randomly selected adult cadavers (62 upper extremities) were examined for this project (22 males and 9 females between the ages 38 and 87). The muscle was observed in 3 of 62 hands, an incidence of 4.8%. One was in the right and the other two were in the left hands. Mean length and width of the muscle belly were 4.5 +/- 0.8 and 0.8 +/- 0.3 mm, respectively. Although the muscle did not have a junctura tendinum attachment between its two tendons, in one hand, the tendon to the index finger gave a thin slip to the tendon of the extensor digitorum communis for the same finger. Knowledge of variant muscle may be important when one is assessing the traumatized or diseased hand.
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    Muscular bridge between the inferior oblique and inferior rectus muscles
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2004) Yalçin, B; Kocabiyik, N; Ozan, H; Kutoglu, T
    PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to investigate the muscular bridge between the inferior oblique (10) and inferior rectus (IR) muscles of the eye. DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: The orbits of sixty intact cadavers with no history of eye muscle or orbital disorders during life were carefully dissected to expose the muscular bridge between the 10 and IR muscles. Numbers of the bridges, their length and width were recorded. RESULTS: We observed muscular bridge between 10 nd IR muscles in 6.6% of 60 orbits. They originated from the lateral side of the IR muscle, and joined to posteromedial side of the 10 muscle. Mean length and width were 14.2 +/- 6.3 and 1.3 +/- 0.2 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Muscular bridges were found in 6.6% of orbits dissected. We conclude that muscular bridges are important due to potential cause of failed 10 or IR muscles surgery. In this respect, before surgery of the extraocular muscles, the muscular bridges should be kept in mind and demonstrated by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in transverse, sagittal, and coronal planes.
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    Vortex veins: Anatomic investigations on human eyes
    (Wiley, 2005) Kutoglu, T; Yalcin, B; Kocabiyik, N; Ozan, H
    The aim of this study was to determine number of ocular vortex veins, their scleral coordinates, and their relationship with nearby extraocular muscles. Sixty intact cadaver orbits having no history of eye or orbital disorders during life were carefully dissected under stereomicroscopic magnification to expose vortex veins and their exit sites from the eyeball. The number of vortex veins per eye varied from four to eight. Eyes having four (35%) or five (30%) vortex veins were observed most frequently. Three eyes (5%) had eight vortex veins. Although the incidence of the vortex veins was variable, there was at least one vein in each quadrant of the sclera. Knowledge of the approximate location of the vortex vein exit sites is very important for surgeons because damage to these veins during eye surgery could produce potential complications, especially choroidal detachment. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.