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    Histopathological and biochemical comparisons of the protective effects of amifostine and L-carnitine against radiation-induced acute testicular toxicity in rats
    (Wiley, 2017) Aktoz, T.; Caloglu, M.; Yurut-Caloglu, V.; Yalcin, O.; Aydogdu, N.; Nurlu, D.; Arda, E.
    The aim of this study was to compare the radioprotective efficacies of amifostine (AMI) and L-carnitine (LC) against radiation-induced acute testicular damage. Thirty Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control (n = 6), AMI plus radiotherapy (RT) (n = 8), LC plus RT (n = 8) and RT group (n = 8). The rats were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy to the scrotal field. LC (300 mg/kg) and AMI (200 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally 30 min before irradiation. The mean seminiferous tubule diameters (MSTDs) were calculated. Testicular damage was evaluated histopathologically using Johnsen's mean testicular biopsy score criteria. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione levels were measured in tissue samples. AMI plus RT and LC plus RT groups had significantly higher MSTDs than those in the RT group (p =.003 and p =.032 respectively). MDA values of both AMI plus RT and LC plus RT groups were significantly lower than those in RT group (p <.004 and p <.012 respectively). As a result, AMI and LC have a similar radioprotective effect against radiation-induced acute testicular damage, histopathologically and biochemically.
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    Investigation of cardiac and pulmonar doses in patients with left sided breast cancer treated by radiotherapy with deep inspiration breath hold technique
    (Ijrr-Iranian Journal Radiation Res, 2022) Parlar, S.; Var, G.; Cosar, R.; Dogan, M.; Ozguven, Y.; Nurlu, D.; CemUzal, M.
    Background: Cardiac disease is a documented risk factor in left breast irradiation. In an attempt to reduce cardiac toxicity, different treatment techniques adapted to respiratory cycle phases have been developed. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of the voluntary breath hold technique when irradiating the left breast in selected patients. Material and Methods: The study included 20 patients with left sided breast cancer. For each patient, two computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired, one with the free breathing (FB) technique and one with the voluntary deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) technique. Treatment plans were created using a field-in-field intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique. A dosimetric comparison was made between the two techniques for the heart, left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, ipsilateral lung and contralateral breast. Results: The average of the mean dose of the heart decreased from 7.7 Gy to 5.8 Gy and V-20(Gy) (%) from 12.8% to 8.3% using the DIBH technique (p=0.009, p<0.001). The DIBH technique demonstrated significantly smaller maximum heart distance (2.0 cm vs. 0.9 cm, p < 0.001) and 8.0% reduction in LAD mean dose. Furthermore, D-mean for the ipsilateral lung was reduced from 12.8 Gy to 12.2 Gy and V-20(Gy) (%) from 25.6% to 22.8%. Conclusion: In the treatment plans made using the DIBH technique, a significant reduction in the radiation dose delivered to the heart has been observed. In order to reduce long-term morbidity and mortality risks from cardiovascular disease affecting the survival of patients with left sided breast cancer, irradiation techniques such as the DIBH should be considered, especially for premenopausal patients.
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    PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF AMIFOSTINE AND L-CARNITINE AGAINST RADIATION INDUCED ACUTE TESTICULAR TOXICITY
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2012) Caloglu, M.; Aktoz, T.; Caloglu, V. Yurut; Yalcin, O.; Aydogdu, N.; Nurlu, D.; Arda, E.
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Radiation-induced acute kidney toxicity: Protective effect of L-carnitine versus amifostine
    (Ijrr-Iranian Journal Radiation Res, 2015) Yurut-Caloglu, V.; Caloglu, M.; Deniz-Yalta, T.; Aktoz, T.; Nurlu, D.; Kilic-Durankus, N.; Arda, E.
    Background: The aim of the study was to compare the radioprotective efficacy in the kidney of L-carnitine to that of amifostine. Materials and Methods: Thirty three-month-old Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Group 1 (Control); Group 2 (Irradiation alone); Group 3 (amifostine plus irradiation); and Group 4 (L-carnitine before irradiation). The rats in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were irradiated individually with a single dose of 20 Gy to whole abdomen. L-carnitine (300 mg/kg) or amifostine (200 mg/kg) was administered 30 minutes before irradiation. Euthanasia was performed 5 days after irradiation, and kidneys were evaluated histopathologically. Results: Dilatation of Bowman's capsule, congestion of blood vessels, and tubular epithelial degeneration were significantly different among the groups (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with both L-carnitine and amifostine reduced the radiation-induced dilatation of Bowman's capsule (p < 0.05), congestion of blood vessels (p < 0.05), and tubular epithelial degeneration (p < 0.05). L-carnitine and amifostine were similar in protective effect. Conclusion: L-carnitine was equally effective as amifostine in protecting the kidney against acute irradiation damage.