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Öğe Anxiety of young female athletes with disordered eating behaviors(2007) Vardar E.; Vardar S.A.; Kurt C.The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of disordered eating behaviors in young female athletes and to compare the anxiety levels of the athletes with or without disordered eating behaviors. Female athletes (n = 243) of 15 to 25 years old from the city, Edirne, in Turkey participated our study. Disordered eating behaviors and anxiety levels of participants were evaluated by the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Disordered eating behaviors was reported as 40 (16.7%) among all athletes. Both state and trait anxiety scores were higher in athletes with disordered eating behaviors than the athletes without disordered eating behaviors (p = 0.01). The athletes who engage in leanness and nonleanness sports were reported as having similar EAT-40 scores and anxiety scores. In conclusion, athletes with disordered eating behaviors have higher state and trait anxiety scores. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Are there gender differences in trait anger and anger expression style in Turkish combat athletes?(2013) Kurt C.The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the trait anger and anger expression styles of Turkish athletes engaging in karate, judo, or taekwondo. The sample comprised 507 combat athletes (214 female) from seven regions and 30 different cities in Turkey. Data on age, sports experience, height, weight, educational level, number of training sessions per week, and total hours of training per week were obtained using a personal information form created by the researcher and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Trait anger and anger expression styles were assessed using the Turkish version of Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS), adapted for the Turkish context by Özer (1994). Men were significantly taller and heavier than women (p < 0.001). No differences were found for other descriptive statistics. Scores for the trait anger, anger in, anger out, and anger control factors for men and women did not significantly differ (p < 0.05).The absence of gender differences may be due to the fact that the athletes who participated in this study have similar age, educational level, sports-related experience, status (experience playing at national level), number of training sessions per week and total hours of training per week. © JPES.Öğe Comparison of loneliness, trait anger-anger expression style, self-esteem attributes with different playing position in soccer(2012) Kurt C.; Çatikkaş F.; Ömürlü I.K.; Atala? O.Purpose: The main goal of this study was to determine the effects of positional differences of soccer players on loneliness, self-esteem levels, traith anger and anger expression scores. Methods: Data collection form, UCLA - loneliness scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Rosenberg Self Esteem scale was used to collect information. 443 male soccer players from 7 different cities of Turkey were assessed in terms of loneliness level, self-esteem score, traith anger and anger expression with 3 different playing positions (defense n=193, midfielder n =165 offense n=85). Results: Scores for defense, mid-field and offense are; Loneliness: 32 (28-40), 33(27-38) 32 (28-44), Self-esteem: 31 (28-34), 31(28.5-35), 31(28-34), trait anger: 21(18-26), 21(17-25), 23(17.5-25.5), anger control: 22 (18- 26), 23(18-26), 22(18-25.5), respectively. There's no meaningful difference found between groups in terms of either descriptive attributes or loneliness level, self-esteem score, traith anger and anger expression (p>0.05). Conclusion: This is thought to be the result of similar age, sports experience, status (amateur players) and weekly total training amount of players thus making the group homogenous. © JPES.Öğe Comparison of the effects of whole-body vibration squat exercises applied at different loads on reactive strength and leg stiffness(Editura Universitatii din Pitesti, 2023) Karymshakov R.; Kurt C.; Nebioğlu İ.Ö.Whole-body vibration (WBV) exercises have been widely recognized for decades as a popular exercise method known to have an impact on athletic performance. However, there is a clear lack of consensus in the existing literature regarding the effects of WBV squat exercises performed at different loads on jump performance, reactive strength index, and leg stiffness associated with this performance. To address this gap, our study aimed to compare the effects of whole-body vibration squat exercises applied at different loads on reactive strength and leg stiffness. For this purpose, we recruited twenty trained male athletes (age: 22.05±3.2 years, height: 177.1±6.5 cm, body mass: 74.5±10.6 kg, training experience: 9.2±3.33 years, training volume: 9.8±6.67 hours per week) to participate in the study. The participants underwent three different test sessions: T1 (sham intervention), T2 (25 Hz, 2 mm), and T3 (50 Hz, 4 mm). These sessions involved squat exercises performed on a whole-body vibration platform for 5 sets of 1 minute each, with 30-second intervals. The squat exercises were conducted at an approximate knee flexion angle of 110°. The three test sessions were spaced 72 hours apart. Immediately after each intervention, the participants’ reactive strength index, leg stiffness, ground contact time, and jumping height were examined. The statistical analyses, including one-way repeated measures ANOVA and/or Friedman tests, revealed that there were no statistically significant differences observed between any of the pairs concerning the variables investigated in the study. The study found no statistically significant effect of WBV when applied at various amplitude and frequency combinations on variables such as reactive strength index, leg stiffness, ground contact time, and jumping height. Despite WBV exercises being a well-known training concept, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the optimal parameters, including amplitude, frequency, body position, set, and volume configuration, among others. Replication studies are necessary to further investigate and clarify the effectiveness of WBV exercises on athletic performance. © JPES.Öğe The effects of two different whole-body vibration frequencies on isometric strength, anaerobic performance, and rating of perceived exertion(Editura Universitatea din Pitesti, 2014) Kurt C.; Toksoz I.; Dindar M.D.We aimed to compare the effects of low- and high-frequency vertical whole-body vibration training in the static squat position for 3 days/week for 6 weeks on anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity, isometric back and leg strength, and rating of perceived exertion. Subjects were 16 recreationally active men (23.3 ± 3.3) randomly divided into 2 groups: low frequency (25 Hz) group (n = 9) and high frequency (40 Hz) group (n = 7). In the first 3 weeks of the study, we applied whole-body vibration for 5 × 1 minute with 1-minute resting intervals and, in the second 3-week period, for 7 × 1 minute with 40-second resting intervals with 2-mm peak-to-peak amplitude. Anaerobic performances, leg and back strength, and rating of perceived exertion during these performances was measured with the Wingate anaerobic power test, isometric leg strength test, and Borg scale, respectively. Isometric leg and back strength, fatigue index, and rating of perceived exertion were found to be unaffected by either frequency. However, anaerobic performance assessment variables showed that both frequencies improved anaerobic power (peak power and relative peak power) and anaerobic capacity (mean power and relative mean power) (low-frequency group, 0.84 ? r ? 0.89; high-frequency group, 0.51 ? r ? 0.64). In conclusion, both frequencies (25 Hz and 40 Hz) increased anaerobic performance variables. The small sample size was the most important limiting factor of this study. Another study with a larger sample size might be more beneficial for achieving more reliable results. © JPES.Öğe Is complex training superior to drop jumps or back squats for eliciting a post activation potentiation enhancement response?(Editura Universitatii din Pitesti, 2021) Atalag O.; Kurt C.; Huebner A.; Galimba M.; Uson J.K.Introduction: Alternating a resistance exercise with a plyometric exercise is referred to as “complex training”. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the acute post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) effects of the Barbell Back Squats (SQ), Drop Jumps (DJ) and Complex Training Method (CT) in terms of vertical jump height (VJ) and Reactive Strength Index (RSI) in physically active individuals. Methods: Nineteen participants (11 male and 8 female) who resistance train at least 3 times/week volunteered this study. Participants performed three experimental sessions namely; SQ, DJ and CT loading sessions with 48 hours interval with a randomized, crossover study design. SQ was performed roughly at 90 % of 1 Repetition maximum (1 RM) of the participants with three repetitions (3RM). In DJ session, participants performed 2 sets of 10 drop jumps with 3 min rest whereas in CT sessions, participants performed 5 drop jumps followed by 3RM back squats. Participants were tested for VJ and RSI before and 8 minutes after each treatment. Results: Within-group differences (pre vs. post-intervention) were only present for RSI performances for the CT group (p=0.004). No between-group differences (i.e. SQ, DJ and CT) were evident for VJ (p=0.93) and RSI (p=0.87) performances respectively. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that none of the loading protocols with above mentioned exercises and methods have any detrimental or improving effects on VJ height and RSI for physically active individuals who joined this study. This study also showed that SQ, DJ exercises and CT method can be used interchangeably and safely to avoid training monotony during longer training periods for chronic adaptations. © JPES.Öğe Rapid weight loss practice and perceived problems during reduction periods of Turkish young combat athletes(Editura Universitatea din Pitesti, 2015) Kurt C.; Sağiroğlu İ.The aim of the present study was to examine rapid weight loss practice and perceived problems during reduction periods of Turkish young combat athletes. A questionnaire which designed by researcher was used to data collection. One hundred- twelve questionnaires (62 male and 50 female were taken to statistical evaluation from the following sport: judo, karate, muay-tahi, taekwondo and wrestling. National team membership and former membership ratio to the national team were 54.5 % and 27.7 % respectively. The respondents had an average age of 21.54 ± 3.78 years, a mean body weight of 66.38 ± 11.45 kg and a mean height 170.05 ± 8.80 cm. The mean years of the sports experince was 10.42 ± 3.98 years. The mean age of start to use rapid weight loss methods were 15.29 ± 2.56 years. The primary source of information on promoting weight loss were friends (44.6 ), own method (42.90 % ), my coaches (39.30 % ) and a former combat athlete (26.80 %). The most usage methods to rapid weight loss were; more clothes on training (75 %), skipping meal (64.30%), hungry or fasting (63.4%), and saunas (58 % ). The most percieved problems during reduction period were (are); excessive fatigue (70.50 %), decrease of the physical performance (67.90 % ) and nervousness (66.10 %). On the other hand, reported binge eating episodes ratio was 60.71 %. In conclusion, despite all the warnings of the health authorities a large number of combat athletes persisted in constantly undergoing RWL methods. Therefore, International or Turkish sports federations and legislators should consider dissuasive penalties and effective education programs. © JPES.
