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Öğe Adaptation of Parental Self-Efficacy Scale for Child Autonomy Toward Minor Surgery to Turkish(Elsevier Science Inc, 2022) Semerci, Remziye; Unver, Seher; Topcu, Sacide Yildizeli; Turan, Fatma Nesrin; Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Findik, Ummu YildizPurpose: The purpose of the study was to conduct validity and reliability testing of the Turkish version of the Parent Self-Efficacy Scale for Child Autonomy toward Minor Surgery (PSESCAMS). Design: The research is a methodological study. Methods: Data were collected using an Introductory Form and the PSESCAMS. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and item-total score analysis were used for the data analysis. Findings: The scale consisted of 18 items and four subscales. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.95, and the Cronbach's alpha values for the subscales were 0.64-0.92. The total factor loading was > 0.45 for both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. GFI, AGFI, and CFI were > 0.90, RMSEA was 0.06. Conclusion: PSESCAMS was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish culture. (c) 2021 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Attitudes of Turkish midwives and nurses working at hospitals towards people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome(Wiley, 2012) Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Unsar, Serap; Kurt, Seda; Erol, OzgulHealth professionals caring for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) show poor or negative attitudes because of fear of contagion. Therefore, it is important to know the attitudes of midwives' and nurses' towards people living with HIV/AIDS. The aim of this descriptive and cross-sectional study is to assess the attitudes of Turkish midwives and nurses working at hospitals to people living with HIV/AIDS and to identify factors that affect these attitudes. A group of 46 midwives and 192 nurses working in hospitals were included in the study. Data were collected through AIDS Attitude Scale. Age, professional experience, number of children and marital status influenced the attitudes of the participants towards people living with HIV/AIDS. We concluded that higher level of education appear to positively influence the attitudes of the participants. Education programmes including evidence-based nursing implications might be planned to improve positive attitudes and to prevent stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS.Öğe Determination of methods used by the neonatal care unit nurses for management of procedural pain in Turkey(Pakistan Medical Assoc, 2015) Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Inal, Sevil; Efe, Emine; Yilmaz, Hatice Bal; Senel, ZeynepObjective: To determine the pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods used by neonatal intensive care unit nurses to reduce procedural pain. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2011 to June 2012 and comprised nurses employed in the paediatric departments, consisting of neonatal intensive care units and newborn units, of 15 hospitals in various cities of Turkey: 8 in Istanbul, 3 in Izmir and two each in Antalya and Edirne. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analysed using SPSS 15. Results: The mean age of the 486 nurses was 28.19+/-5.14 years; 316(65%) had bachelor's degrees; 278(57.2%) had nursing experience greater than 6 years; and 322(72.5%) had newborn nursing experience greater than 6 years. Overall, 364(74.9%) nurses used non-pharmacological methods, and 145(29.8%) used pharmacological methods for pain relief. The most commonly used non-pharmacological methods were skin touch 364(75%) and giving a pacifier 269(55.3%). The most commonly used pharmacological methods were paracetamol and ibuprofen by 145(29.8%) nurses. A statistically significant difference was found between the level of education and use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods for pain relief (p<0.05). Conclusion: Among the nurses in both groups, very little pain management was used for invasive procedures. Educational programmes for pain management in newborns should be arranged to develop an institutional culture. Guidelines for these patients' pain management should also be established.Öğe Determination of Midwives' and Nurses' Attitudes to AIDS(Istanbul Univ-Cerrahpasa, 2009) Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Unsar, Serap; Sadirli, Seda KurtPurpose: Because of fear of contagion, health professionals have showed negative attitudes to patients with AIDS which are increasing gradually number in Turkey. Therefore, this study was planned to determine of midwives' and nurses' attitudes to individuals with AIDS and affecting factors of these attitudes. Method: The sample of the study was composed of nurses (n= 163) and midwives (n= 31) who worked at Trakya University Medicine Faculty. Data were collected AIDS Attitudes Scale (AAS) developed by Bliwise et al. (1991), and translated to Turkish language by Cimen et al. (2005). Data were analyzed analysis of variance, student-t test and Bonferroni multiplecomparison test. Results: Total AAS score of the nurse and midwifes was found as 50.1 +/- 13.5 (range= 25-81), and moderate. When the sociodemographic and caring patients with AIDS about charecteristics of the study sample and AAS scores were compared; their attitudes to AIDS were more positive in the study sample midwives than nurses, the ages of 18-24 than those at the age of 28 and over, those graduated bachelors' degree than those graduated associated degree, working below 2 years than working above 3 years, those caring patients with AIDS (%39.7) than those not caring patients with AIDS (%60.3), those learned about AIDS disease than those did not learn, those knowed safety precautions than those did not know precautions (p<0.05). Conclusion: At the end of the study it can be suggested that in service training programs should be changed for midwives' and nurses' attitudes to patient with AIDS positively.Öğe Effect of disease management education on the quality of life and self-efficacy levels of children with asthma(Wiley, 2019) Kocaaslan, Esra Nur; Kostak, Melahat AkgunPurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of disease management education provided to children with asthma on their quality of life and self-efficacy levels. Methods and DesignThe study design was a quasi-experimental design with The One Group Pretest-Posttest design. This study was conducted on 60 children with asthma between 10 and 18 years of age. Data were collected by Information Form, Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Self-Efficacy Scale for Children and Adolescents with Asthma. Children's quality of life and self-efficacy levels were assessed before receiving an individual asthma education intervention and then children were informed with an asthma management education book individually. Two months after the education intervention, the quality of life and self-efficacy levels of the children were re-evaluated. ResultsThe children's quality of life and self-efficacy levels increased significantly after education (p=0.014). Maternal age, number of siblings, number of family members living in the same house, activity status, the frequency of experiencing symptoms, and the ability to use the inhalers on their own affected children quality of life. Child's age, knowledge about factors causing asthma, and ability to use medication on their own affected their self-efficacy (p<0.05). Practice ImplicationsAccording to these results, planned asthma education program and provided continuity of this education by nurses would be effective to improve the quality of life and levels of self-efficacy. Asthma management education for children with asthma by nurses after diagnosis is beneficial for improving the quality of life and levels of self-efficacy.Öğe The effect of evidence-based pain assessment protocol in pediatric emergency department on nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards painr(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Cetintas, Ismail; Semerci, Remziye; Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Aken, NefisePurpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of the Evidence-Based Pain Assessment Protocol in Pediatric Emergency Department on nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards pain.Method: A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted with 11 nurses. Before the protocol was applied, 337 nurses' records were assessed for one month. Subsequently, the nurses were educated in the Evidence-Based Pain Assessment Protocol in the Pediatric Emergency Department. After the education, the researchers assessed 315 nurses' records for one month to evaluate the protocol's effect on the nurses' clinical practice.Results: The study found no significant difference in the mean scores of nurses' Pediatric Pain Knowledge and Attitude Scale between the pre-and post-education periods (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the types of pain assessment tools used between these two periods (p < 0.001). In the post-education period, the frequency of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions implemented increased significantly compared to the pre-education period (p < 0.001). Additionally, the study found that the frequency of nurses describing pain and reassessing pain increased significantly in the post-education period compared to the pre-education period (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The study found that there was no significant change in the nurses' Pediatric Pain Knowledge and Attitude Scale scores before and after the training. However, it was observed that the frequency of nurses reassessing pain, using non-pharmacological interventions, and describing pain increased after the protocol was applied in the emergency department. In particular, therapeutic communication and the walking method were used more frequently in the post-training period among the non-pharmacological interventions applied by the nurses for pain.Öğe The effect of family-centered care education on pediatric nurses' attitudes and clinical practices: Nurse and parent perception(Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Cetintas, Ismail; Mutlu, Esra Nur Kocaaslan; Semerci, Remziye; Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Dinckol, Refiye ZaferBackground and purpose: Family-centered care (FCC) is a crucial and dynamic philosophy within 21st-century pediatric nursing, offering numerous benefits for both children and their families. It is essential for pediatric nurses to be well-versed in the FCC approach and related practices. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of nurse training on nurses' attitudes towards FCC and on nurses' clinical practices related to FCC.Methods: This study utilized a pretest-posttest, single-blind (for nurses and parents), and prospective design. The sample consisted of nurses (n = 41) employed at a university hospital's pediatric clinics and parents (n = 256) with infants or children admitted to these clinics. Data collection involved the Nurse Information Form, Parent and Child Information Form, Family-Centered Care Scale (FCCS), and Family-Centered Care Attitude Scale (FCCAS).Results: A significant difference was observed between nurses' pre- and post-training FCCAS median scores (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was detected between the median FCCS scores of parents whose children were cared for by nurses before and after the training (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Following the FCC training provided to pediatric nurses, their attitudes towards the necessity and importance of FCC significantly improved compared to the pre-training period. However, no significant difference was found in the perceived FCC practices of parents whose children received inpatient treatment during the pre-and post-training periods.Implications to practice: Training is important in improving pediatric nurses' attitudes towards FCC. Planned training on FCC should be provided for nurses. Difficulties in pediatric nurses' FCC practices should be identified. In addition, FCC practices should be implemented as a policy in hospitals and pediatric clinics and nurses should be supported to ensure the implementation of FCC practices.Öğe Effect of Gum Chewing on Pain and Anxiety in Turkish Children During Intravenous Cannulation: A Randomized Controlled Study(Elsevier Science Inc, 2020) Topcu, Sacide Yildizeli; Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Semerci, Remziye; Guray, OzlemPurpose: Although gum chewing is a simple intervention that can be used for the management of pain and anxiety in the nursing care of children, few studies have assessed this intervention. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gum chewing on pain and anxiety during intravenous (IV) cannulation in children. Design and methods: This randomized controlled study assessed 73 children aged 6 to 12 years in the general paediatric unit in a university hospital in the Trachy Region, Turkey from April to September 2017. In the experimental group, children chewed gum during the procedure. The standard care was applied to the control group. Data were collected via the Children's Anxiety Pain Scale and the Data Collection Form. Results: According to the children's self-report and the nurse's report, the pain level of the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group. Although no significant difference was noted between experimental and control groups' anxiety levels, nurses stated higher anxiety levels than children. Conclusions: The IV cannulation procedure causes pain and anxiety in children. Nurses reported the perception of a higher level of anxiety during the procedure than the children actually experienced. Gum chewing might reduce pain during IV cannulation. Nurses should consider using gum chewing as a simple nursing implementation to increase the effects of other pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques for management of children's procedural pain. Practice implications: Nurses who work with the children could use gum chewing as a simple, inexpensive, and pleasurable intervention for the management of pain. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of using an interactive mobile application for the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children: Randomized controlled study(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Semerci, Remziye; Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Taskin, CemPurpose: This study was conducted to develop an interactive mobile application called 5inD, and investigate the effect of 5inD on the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in pediatric oncology patients.Methods: The prospective, parallel-group and randomized controlled study was conducted in a university hospital between October 2019 and January 2021 with 57 children aged 8-18 years who were treated with chemotherapy and their mothers. In this study, a mobile application called 5inD was developed, which includes five distraction methods to reduce CINV. Data were collected about CINV through the Adapted Rhodes Index for Nausea & Vomiting child version (ARINVc), and parent version (ARINVp). CINV of the children was evaluated for seven days starting from the first day of chemotherapy.Results: In the study, Child ARINVc and Parent ARINVp mean scores of the intervention groups were lower than the control group during the seven days (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the group's Adapted Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting for Pediatrics by Child (ARINVc) and by Parent (ARINVp) mean scores in terms of the group, time, and group*time interaction. While a statistically significant difference was found between the intervention group's and control group's mean scores in terms of the group, time, and group*time for the acute CINV (p < 0.05), there was no statistically significant difference for delayed CINV between groups scores in terms of the time, and group*time interaction (p > 0.05).Conclusion: This study supports the findings that the interactive mobile application was found effective in reducing CINV in children. Additionally, it can be said 5inD is more effective for the management of acute CINV than delayed CINV.Öğe The effectiveness of finger puppet play in reducing fear of surgery in children undergoing elective surgery: A randomised controlled trial(Elsevier, 2021) Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Kutman, Gulsev; Semerci, RemziyeBackground: The use of therapeutic interventions in the preoperative period reduces the fear in children by strengthening the relationship between the child, parent and the nurse. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of finger puppet play with parental involvement on fear of surgery in children undergoing elective minor surgery. Methods: A prospective, randomised controlled study was conducted in a state hospital in Turkey with 70 children aged between 5-10 years. In addition to the routine care, children in the intervention group received an intervention that included finger puppet play with their parents while the control group received routine care. The data were collected via demographic form and Children's Fear Scale. Findings: The preoperative fear scores of the children did not show a statistical difference between the group (p > 0.05). The results showed that children in the finger puppet group reported significantly lower fear scores than those in the control group while entering the surgery room (p < 0.001), and in the postoperative period (p < 0.001). The proxy report of the parents and nurses were also lower for the children in the finger puppet group (p < 0.05). Discussion: The results provide empirical data on the effectiveness of finger puppet play in children's preoperative care, entering the surgery room, and postoperative fear. Conclusion: In line with these results, it is recommended that finger puppet play is used by nurses and parents for reducing fear of surgery in children at paediatric clinics. (c) 2020 Australian College of Nursing Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Öğe Effects of Oral Health Care Education on the Severity of Oral Mucositis in Pediatric Oncology Patients(Kare Publ, 2020) Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Semerci, Remziye; Eren, Tuba; Kocaaslan, Esra Nur; Yildiz, FilizOBJECTIVE Oral mucositis is undoubtedly the most common painful complication of cancer treatment, especially chemotherapy and adversely affects the quality of life children. This study aimed to examine the effects of oral health care education on the severity of oral mucositis in pediatric oncology patients. METHODS The semi-experimental and longitudinal study was carried out with 30 children aged eight to 18 years and their mothers in the pediatric oncology clinics at a university hospital. Data were collected with Survey Form, World Health Organization Oral Mucositis Index, and Children's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale. Children and mothers in the intervention group received oral health care education before chemotherapy. Children's oral health was assessed before chemotherapy (0th day) and following chemotherapy 7th, 14th, and 21st days. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Friedman Test. RESULTS The socio-demographic characteristics of the children did not affect children's oral mucositis severity. It was determined a significant difference in the severity of oral mucositis between the control and intervention group (p<0.05). Oral mucositis's degree and scores were lower in the intervention groups than the control group on the 7th day of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION The findings obtained in this study suggest that oral health care education is an effective method to reduce the severity of oral mucositis in pediatric oncology patients. It is recommended that oral health care education should be given to children and their parents from the beginning of hospitalization.Öğe Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain During Venous Port Access in Pediatric Oncology Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study(Sage Publications Inc, 2021) Semerci, Remziye; Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Eren, Tuba; Avci, GulcanPurpose: Needle procedures are one of the most distressing practices for pediatric oncology patients. Virtual reality (VR) is a distraction method which offers an extremely realistic and interactive virtual environment and helps reduce needle-related pain and distress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of VR method on pain during venous port access in pediatric oncology patients aged 7 to 18 years. Method: Children who had cancer and were between the ages of 7 and 18 years and undergoing a port-a-cath access were randomly assigned through blocked randomization to either the VR intervention group or control group. A commercially available VR headset was fitted to children in the intervention group. Immediately after the port access, pain scores were obtained from children's self-reports and parents' proxy reports, using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. Results: Descriptive characteristics of the children (n = 71) showed a homogeneous distribution between groups. During the procedure, children in the control group (n = 36; 5.03 +/- 3.35) experienced more pain than the children in VR group (n = 35; 2.34 +/- 2.76; p < .001). Proxy reports of the parents in the experimental group (1.77 +/- 2.46) were found to be lower than those in the control group (4.67 +/- 2.56; p < .001). Conclusions/Implications for Practice: VR method is effective for reducing pain during venous port access in pediatric oncology patients. VR should be used as a distraction method during venous port access.Öğe The Efficacy of Distraction Cards and Kaleidoscope for Reducing Pain During Phlebotomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial(Elsevier Science Inc, 2020) Semerci, Remziye; Kostak, Melahat AkgunPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of distraction cards and a kaleidoscope in reducing pain during phlebotomy procedures among children aged 6 to 12. Design: This randomized controlled study involved intervention groups and a control group. Methods: Data were obtained by the use of an information form and the visual analog scale. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics as well as Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and post hoc tests. Findings: During the phlebotomy, children in the control group experienced more pain than children in the distraction cards group and kaleidoscope group (P <.001). There was no significant difference between pain scores of the two intervention groups (P >.05). Both methods were found to be effective in reducing pain. Conclusions: It may be helpful to inform children and parents about the process before procedural interventions. Nurses would likely benefit from education on the use of distraction cards and kaleidoscope to be used during procedural interventions. (C) 2020 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Experiences of Nursing Students in Caring for Pediatric Cancer Patients(Asian Pacific Organization Cancer Prevention, 2014) Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Mutlu, Aysel; Bilsel, AysegulBackground: This study was performed to determine the experiences of nursing students in caring for paediatric cancer patients and their families. Materials and Methods: This qualitative survey was carried out with 14 students studying in the nursing department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university in Edirne, Turkey. Data were obtained through focus group interviews and evaluated based on a qualitative content analysis. Results: It was determined that students, for the most part, experienced problems related to communication, sadness, helplessness, fear, anxiety, resentment and anger. In addition, the students were affected most often by effects of the disease and invasive procedures on paediatric cancer patients and their families during the process of caring for them in the oncology clinic. Conclusions: It would be useful to inform nursing students, prior to clinical practice, about the special needs of paediatric cancer patients and families who stay in oncology clinics, and to follow up with appropriate guidance during the clinical practices.Öğe Hopelessness and Depression Levels of Parents of Children with Cancer(Asian Pacific Organization Cancer Prevention, 2013) Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Avci, GulcanThe purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the hopelessness and depression levels of parents of children diagnosed with cancer and undergoing cancer treatment and factors affecting these levels. The study was carried out with parents of 44 children receiving treatment in a paediatric haematology clinic of a university hospital. Data were collected using a survey form, the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Beck Depression Scale (BDS). The mean BDS score of the mothers and fathers was 18.3 +/- 11.30 and 15.2 +/- 11.33, respectively. The mean BHS score of the mothers was 6.45 +/- 4.40, whereas the mean BHS score of the fathers was 5.88 +/- 4.27. The results showed that the levels of hopelessness and depression among the mothers were higher than among the fathers (p<0.001). There was a positive relationship between the hopelessness and depression scores of the mothers and the fathers (p<0.05), and the levels of hopelessness and depression scores of the fathers increased as those of the mothers increased. A weak financial situation of the family increased the hopelessness and depression levels of the fathers. The hopelessness and depression levels of the mothers who were supported by their families and relatives were decreased compared to those without such support (p<0.05). The results show that the parents of children with cancer face many psychosocial and spiritual problems. Using simple screening tools, nurses can identify at-risk parents and direct them to support services. We conclude that actively encouraging families to avail themselves of support resources and supporting them financially would positively affect the levels of depression and hopelessness of parents of children with cancer.Öğe The Impact of Type 1 Diabetes on the Family and Related Factors(Nova Southeastern Univ, 2023) Cetintas, Ismail; Kostak, Melahat AkgunObjective: This study was conducted to determine the impact of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and related factors on children and families. Methods: The descriptive study was conducted with the parents of 175 children aged 6-18 years with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The data were collected using the Child and Family Information Form and the Diabetes Family Impact Scale (DFIS). pResults:It was determined that the parents' total median DFIS score was 21.42 (9.52-35.71) and the highest median score was 33.33 (11.11-66.66) in the finances sub-dimension score. There was a significant difference between the child's school success and the parents' school sub-dimension median scores, the mother's employment status and the work sub-dimension median scores, and the family's income level and the DFIS total median scores (pConclusions and Recommendations:It was concluded that diabetes mostly adversely affected the family in terms of finances. It was also determined that the negative impact of diabetes on the family was higher in children with poor school success and in families where mothers were unemployed and whose income was less than their expenses. The negative impact of diabetes on the family increased as the ages of the child, mother, and father and the duration of diagnosis decreased and the HbA1c level increased. In line with the research findings, one should be aware of the factors (child's age, child's school success, parental age, parental employment status, family income level, duration of diagnosis, HbA1c level) that affect the negative effects of diabetes on the family. In addition, it is recommended to plan and implement the necessary initiatives to prevent the negative effects of diabetes on the family (especially in the financial field) since the child's diagnosis of diabetes.Öğe Life experiences of adolescents with cancer in Turkey: a phenomenological study(Pakistan Medical Assoc, 2019) Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Semerci, Remziye; Eren, Tuba; Avci, Gulcan; Savran, FilizObjective: To explore life experiences of adolescents after cancer diagnosis. Method: The phenomenological qualitative study was conducted at the paediatric oncology clinic of a university hospital in Edirne, Turkey, from March 15 to April 1, 2016, and comprised semi-structured interviews with adolescents aged 10-18 years diagnosed with different types of cancer. Data was analysed using Colaizzi's method. Results: Of the 12 adolescents, 7(58.3%) were boys and 5(41.7%) were girls. The overall mean age was 14.92 +/- 2.19. Mean duration of life post-diagnosis was 2.87 +/- 2.94 years (range: 1-11 years), and all (100%) of them had undergone chemotherapy. More adolescents experienced shock, sadness, fear, anxiety, curiosity and uncertainty when they learned their diagnosis. Changes related to family included missing their siblings and parents, and feelings of guilt, anger, and sibling jealousy. Adolescents stated that they missed their schools and friends, feared stigmatisation, abandonment and changes related to future. They wanted a stress-free life, to have an occupation, to continue school, and to be independent. Conclusion: Cancer changed adolescents' relationships with family and peers, and their feelings and thoughts regarding future. It is important that health professionals, especially nurses, recognise and understand such changes to provide quality care.Öğe Musculoskeletal problems and attitudes towards footwear among university students(Ios Press, 2019) Ozdinc, Sevgi; Unsar, Serap; Kostak, Melahat AkgunBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Footwear preferences and habits may be related to musculoskeletal system problems. This study was designed to determine the relationship between the selection of footwear, musculoskeletal problems and the affecting factors among university students from that different division. METHODS: Four hundred and sixty-six university students in the divisions of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation, Nursing and Business Administration participated in this study. The data was collected using a questionnaire developed by the researchers and the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the participants, 68.5% preferred to wear sports shoes; 24.0% of the participants had foot pain. Comfort, robustness and quality come to the fore in the behavioural patterns of young and healthy individuals regarding footwear. Those who experienced foot and lower back pain considered such parameters as quality, fitness for foot health, flexibility and lightness in footwear. CONCLUSIONS: While patterns such as foot health, flexibility and lightness are reflected in the footwear preferences of those who have lower back pain, those who have pain or problems in their feet take into consideration the quality, lightness, fitness to foot health. The relationship determined in the present study shows that those who experience pain are more selective in their footwear preferences.Öğe Palliative care for children in terminal period(Kare Publ, 2011) Kostak, Melahat Akgun; Akan, MedineCurrently, 75% of children who have been diagnosed as having cancer recover from this illness while 25% of them go through the terminal period and die due to the recurrence of cancer and not responding to the treatment. A child who is in terminal period belongs to a patient group that cannot get a positive result from the medical-curative treatments and can only benefit from palliative treatment. Palliative care eases the suffering of the patients in terminal period, lessens their agitation, in a way, consoles them. In short, it is a multidisciplinary and holistic approach with the objective that both the patients and their families maintain the quality of their lives as much as possible. Palliative care in children contains the assessment and handling of the childrens' and family's physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs and also symptom control and support to family during the illness and mourning process. It is among the duties of nurses to provide this care which both the child in the terminal period and his/her family desperately need. The nurses who offer their help to the children in terminal period and their families should know about the palliative cure and be able to apply it. For this reason, this paper deals with the palliative cure for children in terminal period and their families.Öğe Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Diabetes Family Impact Scale(Wiley, 2021) Cetintas, Ismail; Kostak, Melahat AkgunPurpose The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Diabetes Family Impact Scale (DFIS). Methods and Design The study was carried out methodologically with 121 parents who have 6-18 year-old children with type 1 diabetes (n = 121). The collected data were analyzed by conducting confirmatory factor analysis,ttest, and Pearson's correlation analysis and by computing Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results The linguistic validity of the scale was ensured by undertaking translation and back-translation. Expert opinions were analyzed and all the content validity indices were found to be >= 0.80. The factor loadings of all the items ranged from 0.47 to 0.89, and the model fit indices were as follows:chi(2)/df = 1.21 and RMSEA = 0.04. Scores that were obtained across two temporally separated administrations were not significantly different (p > .05), and there was a strong correlation between the two sets of scores (ICC = 0.892;p < .001). The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was .881. The item-total correlation coefficients of the scale items ranged from .34 to .72. Conclusions Similar to the original assessment, the Turkish version of the DFIS consists of 14 items and 4 subscales. It is a valid and reliable measure that is suitable for use with Turkish samples. Researchers can use this scale to assess the effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the family of an affected child.
