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    An increased frequency of gallbladder stones in rheumatoid arthritis patients.: Factors related to gallbladder stone formation
    (Clinical & Exper Rheumatology, 2006) Pamuk, O. N.; Umit, H.; Unlu, E.; Koker, I. H.; Cakir, N.
    Objective. In this study, we determined the frequency of gallbladder stone (GBS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and evaluated factors which could affect the formation of GBS such as lipids and the GB motilities of the patients. Methods. One hundred and thirteen RA patients (92F, 21M, mean disease duration: 8.9 years) and 117 healthy controls (94F, 23M) were included. In all RA patients, the clinical findings were recorded down; biochemical parameters and body mass index (BMI) were determined; and, abdominal ultrasonography was performed. In addition, 16 RA patients and 20 controls who were age-matched were randomly chosen for GB emptying monitored by ultrasound at 30-minute intervals for 2 hours after a mixed meal. Fasting volume (FV), residual volume (RV) and ejection fraction (EF) for all GBs were assessed. Results. There was a tendency towards a higher frequency of GBS including cholecystectomy (11 GBS, 11 cholecystectomy, 19.5%) in RA patients when compared to controls (8 GBS, 5 cholecystectomy, 11.1%) (p = 0.08). The frequency of GBS plus cholecyctectomy in female RA patients (22.8%) was significantly higher than the control group (11.7%, p = 0.044). Logistic regression analysis showed that only older age was significantly associated with the presence of GBS in RA (OR:1.05, p = 0.048). There was no difference between the 2 groups in FV (p > 0.05). RV PRV and EF were significantly higher in RA patients than in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions. We diagnosed a higher frequency of GBS in female RA patients when compared to controls. Impaired GB motility in RA patients might contribute to an increased incidence of GBS development.
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    A low prevalance of purified protein derivative test positivity in Turkish patients with rheumatoid arthritis.: Association with clinical features and HRCT findings
    (Clinical & Exper Rheumatology, 2007) Koker, I. H.; Pamuk, O. N.; Karlikaya, C.; Tuncbilek, N.; Cakir, N.
    Objectives In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test positivity and associated clinical features in RA patients. Materials and methods We included 94 (80 F, 14 M, mean age: 55.8) consecutive RA patients with a disease duration of 8.7 years. PPD test was performed in all RA patients; clinical features were recorded down; chest x-ray, pulmonary function tests and HRCT were available in all cases. As the control group, we included data of 21 SLE, 44 AS, 27 OA, 16 gouty arthritis and 18 vasculitis patients. Results The frequencies of PPD positivity in RA (29.8%) and SLE (19%) patients were lower than in patients with AS (65.9%), gouty arthritis (68.8%) and OA (63%) (all p values < 0.01). PPD-positive RA patients were more frequently smokers (p = 0.005) and had a higher rate of RF seropositivity (p = 0.04) than PPD-negatives. PPD was less frequently positive in erosive RA disease (p = 0.033). Chest x-rays and HRCT abnormalities were detected in 41.8% and 62.7% of RA patients, respectively. Frequencies of chest x-ray and HRCT abnormalities in PPD-positive and PPD-negative patients were not difterent from each other (p > 0.05). Conclusion In our country in which tuberculosis is relatively frequent -contrary to the situation in AS patients- we observed a lower frequency of PPD positivity in RA and SLE patients compared to patients with other rheumatic diseases. We did not find any relationship between PPD positivity and the frequency of chest x-ray, HRCT abnormalities.