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    SINGLE AND COMBINED TOXICITY OF ALUMINIUM AN AZORUBINE: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC RESPONSES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Doganlar, Oguzhan; Doganlar, Zeynep Banu; Ongoren, Gulin; Kahraman, Ozge; Altinoluk, Pinar; Kirbas, Asude
    This study aimed that investigation of the toxic effects of Aluminum (Al) and Azorubine. Adult D. melanogaster flies were treated with Al (100, 200 and 400 ppb) and Azorubine (50 ppm) at both single and combined for 1 and 5 days. The concentrations were selected based on permitted limits in drinking water for Al (200 ppb) and food for Azorubine (50 ppm), respectively. The accumulations of Al and Azorubine, mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione synthase), heat shock proteins (HSP26, 60, 70 and 83) as well as octopamine levels were determined. RAPD analysis was also performed in order to determine genomic template stability (GTS%). Azorubine addition caused increasing take up the Al, decreasing expressions of antioxidant enzymes and changes in the HSP expression patterns. GTS was decreased with the increased treatment time. The minimum GTS was determined at the 400 ppb Al and Azorubine alone treatment at the both exposure time. The higher increase of the octopamine (4.83 fold) was determined at the 100 ppb Al+Azorubine and 400 ppb Al+Azorubine (3.73 -fold) at the fifth day. We conclude that permitted limits of Al and Azorubine (both single and combined) may cause toxic effects on molecular and physiological level.