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    Comparison of essential oils and antimicrobial activities of Ferulago mughlae Pesmen (Apiaceae) growing in Turkey
    (Marmara Univ, 2019) Karakaya, Songul; Delimustafaoglu Bostanlik, Fatmagul; Goger, Gamze; Demirci, Betul; Kilic, Ceyda Sibel
    Ferulago species have been utilized dated from ancient times as antihelmentic, carminative, digestive, sedative, aphrodisiac, along with as salads and spice in view of their exclusive odors. F. mughlae Pe.men was investigated for its chemical compositions of essential oils and antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activities of essential oils were performed via TLC bioautography methods and essential oils were analysed via GC and GC/MS. alpha-pinene (53.0%), myrcene (3.9%), limonene (6.0%) beta-phellandrene (11.0%) were shown to be as primary components of fruit. Primary components of aerial part were found as alpha-pinene (48.5%), camphene (10.6%), beta-pinene (4.8%) and limonene (3.0%). alpha-pinene (37.3%), camphene (9.1%), limonene (5.3%), terpinolene (3.4%), beta-caryophyllene (3.6%), borneol (9.5%), kessan (8.0%), germacrene B (4.0%), caryophyllene oxide (3.7%) and 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (3.7%) were shown to be the primary components of root. Aerial part and fruit essential oils of F. mughlea contain active compounds against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6558 while these essential oils did not show any activites against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 and Escherichia coli NRRL B-3008 strains. Root essential oil of F. mughlea did not show any antimicrobial activities against tested all microorganisms. The antimicrobial activities against these microorganisms from this species may be based upon the existence of the primary compounds in the essential oils.
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    Comparison of Essential Oils of Ferulago pachyloba (Fenzl) Boiss., F. trachycarpa Boiss. and F. bracteata Boiss. & Hausskn. Species (Apiaceae) Growing in Turkey and Determination of Their Antimicrobial Activities
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Karakaya, Songul; Simsek, Duygu; Goger, Gamze; Demirci, Betul; Duman, Hayri; Altanlar, Nurten; Kilic, Ceyda Sibel
    Ferulago species have been utilized since ancient times as antihelmentic, digestive, sedative and aphrodisiac, along with in salads or as a seasoning in view of their special odours. F. pachyloba (Fenzl) Boiss., F. trachycarpa Boiss. and F. bracteata Boiss. & Hausskn. species were investigated for their chemical compositions of essential oils and their antimicrobial activities. Antimicrobial activities of essential oils were performed via microbroth-dilution and TLC bioautography methods. GC and GC/MS were utilized to analyse the essential oils. Primary components of aerial parts, flowers, roots and fruits of F. pachyloba were found as, sabinene (16.0 %), (Z)-beta-ocimene (15.1 %); sabinene (25.8 %), (Z)-beta-ocimene (27.5 %); (E)-2-decenal (14.3 %); bicyclogermacrene (11.1 %), respectively. Primary components of aerial parts, roots and fruits of F. trachycarpa were found as, (Z)-beta-ocimene (13.8 %), spathulenol (25.0 %); (E)-2-decenal (11.9 %); spathulenol (32.8 %), bicyclogermacrene (23.0 %). Primary components of aerial parts, flowers and roots of F. bracteata were found as, 7-methoxy-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-coumarin (86.7 %); beta-pinene (12.1 %), beta-phellandrene (22.8 %); (E)-2- decenal (13.9 %), hexadecanoic acid (40.4 %). Essential oils were particularly more effective against Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values of between 0.39 and 6.25 g/mL, respectively. They did not give significant inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by TLC bioautography assay. In contrast, they had active components against S. aureus and showed significant inhibition. The antimicrobial activities against these microorganisms from these species may be attributed to the presence of the main components in the essential oils.
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    Comparison of the Essential Oils of Ferula orientalis L., Ferulago sandrasica Pesmen and Quezel, and Hippomarathrum microcarpum Petrov and Their Antimicrobial Activity
    (Turkish Pharmacists Assoc, 2019) Karakaya, Songul; Goger, Gamze; Bostanlik, Fatmagul D.; Demirci, Betul; Duman, Hayri; Kilic, Ceyda Sibel
    Objectives: To determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Ferula orientalis L., roots of Ferulago sandrasica Pesmen and Quezel, and aerial parts of Hippomarathrum microcarpum Petrov. Materials and Methods: Essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was determined by bioautography assay. Results: alpha-Pinene (75.9%) and beta-pinene (3.4%) were the major components of the aerial parts of F. orientalis; with limonene (28.9%), beta-pinene (15.6%), and terpinolene (13.9%) for F. sandrasica; and beta-caryophyllene (31.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (23.1%) for the aerial parts of H. microcarpum. Essential oils from the aerial parts of F. orientalis, the roots of F. sandrasica, and the aerial parts of H. microcarpum were active against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans strains. However, essential oils were not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activities against S. aureus and C. albicans of these species may be attributed to the presence of the main components in the essential oils.