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    Trenchless geophysical surveys in tunneling works
    (International Society for Trenchless Technology, 2015) Kaya M.A.; Boz E.T.
    Geophysical survey is one of the widely-used method to specify the tunnel route as well as geological and geotechnical characteristics of this route. In "Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural Heritage", geophysical surveys are defined as "non-destructive" which means "non-digging" in geotechnical works. With this method, underground can be scanned in the project area without digging. Thus, geophysical and non-destructive inspection technologies provides a powerful, complementary source of information to significantly improve our understanding of underground structures and conditions. With geophysical surveys carried out especially before excavating the tunnel, geological discontinuities, altered zones, fault lines and rock quality designation that can be altered during the excavating can be set forth. Additionally, the use of geophysical surveys offers numerous advantages on traditional survey methods, such as its noninvasive nature. These surveys are also rapid and relatively cost-effective. Geophysical surveys have been used in high cost trenchless tunnel projects to minimize the geological and geotechnical risk without a failure. This means that the use of geophysical surveys will also reduce uncertainty and unexpected expenses. In this paper, the issue was discussed using some examples of geophysical surveys carried out before specifying the trenchless tunnel routes or along the specified routes.