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Öğe A challenging archaeo-geophysical exploration through GPR and ERT surveys on the Keber Tepe, City Hill of Doliche, Commagene (Gaziantep, SE Turkey)(Elsevier, 2021) Balkaya, Caglayan; Ekinci, Yunus Levent; Cakmak, Olcay; Blomer, Michael; Arnkens, Julia; Kaya, Mehmet AliDoliche is an ancient city located at the northern fringe of Gaziantep in SE Turkey. The settlement spreads over a shallow hill called Keber Tepe. However, the lack of visible remains on the surface severely limits the comprehension of the spatial organization of the site. To understand the ancient city layout, but also to identify promising starting points of archaeological investigations, geophysical exploration plays a substantial role. In 2019 and 2020 campaigns, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys were conducted to determine anthropogenic structures in selected three study areas (SA) of the hill. Among them, SA-1 is adjacent to an excavation area on the south slope of the hill, where a large three-aisled Christian basilica had been discovered. SA-2 is in the eastern part of the city area, next to a sizeable civic bath building of the Roman period. Lastly, SA-3 covers the mosaic floor of the central nave and the terrace of the basilica where archaeological excavations were carried out in 2020 compaign. Archaeo-geophysical survey presented a challenging task as Keber Tepe is mainly composed of clayish-limestone and the same material had been used for architectural construction. Despite the disadvantages, GPR provided partial traces of the nave walls conforming with the existing basilica structures. The archaeological trenchs conducted in SA-3 confirm the partial reflection properties observed in the GPR sections. ERT surveys in this area provided subsurface models containing traces of anthropogenic structures unearthed. Since the findings obtained from both methods support each other very well in SA-2, we assumed that the field condition in this region of the hill is different or buried materials have lesser clay content in comparison to SA-1 and SA-3. As a result, the archaeo-geophysical survey contributed to the understanding of the archaeological structures and help to identify promising areas for further archaeological excavations. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe DEPREM RİSKİNİN KENTSEL PLANLAMA SÜRECİNE ETKİSİ: İPSALA, KEŞAN VE ENEZ İLÇELERİ (EDİRNE) ÖRNEĞİ(2022) Karataş, Neslihan; Kaya, Mehmet AliBir kentin planlanmasında depremsellik durumu ve jeolojik veriler önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Her ne kadar planlama süreci ve kentlerin oluşumu yeryüzünde gerçekleşse de yeraltının jeolojik yapısı ve bu yapının sığ derinliklerde üç boyutta da çok sık değişiminin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu değişimin jeofizik (/jeolojik) bilgilerle değerlendirilmesi, yer üstündeki arazi kullanım dağılım biçimini belirleyen temel unsurdur. Edirne ili ve ilçeleri Deprem Bölgeleri Haritasında I.- IV. Derece Deprem Bölgesi içerisinde yer almaktadır. Edirne’nin ilçelerinden Enez, Keşan ve İpsala Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonunun (KAFZ) Marmara denizinde devam ederek Saroz körfezinden Ege denizine ulaşan kuzey koluna çok yakındır. Bu nedenle 1. Derece deprem bölgesinde yer almaktadırlar ve KAFZ’da (Marmara denizinden Saroz körfezine kadar) meydana gelebilecek herhangi bir depremden en fazla etkilenecek yerleşim birimleridir. Bu nedenle Edirne ili depremsellik durumu göz önünde bulundurulduğunda KAFZ’na çok yakın olan Keşan, Enez ve İpsala ilçelerinin kent planları depremsellik açısından yeniden ele alınarak afete duyarlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sakınım planlaması çerçevesinde planların revizyonuna yönelik çözüm önerileri geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır.Öğe Integrated geophysical investigations to reconstruct the archaeological features in the episcopal district of Side (Antalya, Southern Turkey)(Elsevier Science Bv, 2019) Akca, Irfan; Balkaya, Caglayan; Puelz, Andreas; Alanyali, H. Sabri; Kaya, Mehmet AliElectrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) are frequently used geophysical methods in the exploration of near-surface targets such as archaeological features. These methods were therefore applied to investigate a wide area in the Side ancient city located nearby the Manavgat district of Antalya, Turkey. The main purpose of the geophysical survey was to answer several questions about the design or usage of a huge area located nearby the episcopal residence of Side that belongs to the late antique/early Byzantine times (5th/6th century AD.). The investigation area is thought to be the garden (hortus) of the residence. The survey site covering an area of approximately 6000m(2) was investigated in detail by two geophysical survey campaigns carried out in 2016 and 2017. During the two survey campaigns, 102 ERT and 127 GPR lines were measured. ERT data were collected by dipole-dipole electrode array, and a 500 MHz shielded antenna was used to measure the GPR data. By evaluating both data sets with appropriate processing steps, 3D geophysical models of the survey area were produced. These models provided obvious traces of buried anthropogenic structures, characterized by relatively high resistivity and high EM wave reflection amplitude. The identified structures lay on the NS-EW axis, which is consistent with the major layout of the city; however, they do not correctly align with the late period structures currently standing on the ground. Therefore, it is interpreted that these buildings belong to a predecessor period (i.e. Roman Imperial Period). Further information such as the purpose of the use of these buildings can only be revealed by an archaeological excavation. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Tracing the Traces of History with Geophysics in Edirne Makedonya and Sarayici Campuses and Integration of the City Planning Process(Kare Publ, 2022) Kaya, Mehmet Ali; Karatas, NeslihanNon-destructive geophysical surveys exploring depths from a few tens of centimeters to several meters are described as near-surface geophysics. Geophysical surveys for the protection of cultural heritage, geophysical surveys for restoration, archaeological geophysical surveys are examples of near-surface geophysical surveys. The data obtained by archaeological geophysical surveys provide valuable contributions to the discovery of cultural heritage) remains underground and their inclusion in today's urban planning process. Two of the Ottoman period buildings in Edirne, the Macedonian campus and the Sarayici campus were selected as sample sites for geophysical surveys. Both settlements are important settlements that are actively used within the urban area today. Therefore, the unearthing of the underground archaeological remains of these settlements constitutes an important database in the design of the site's settlement plan. High-resolution Geophysical applications were carried out as underlining the design of both the Macedonian campus and the Sarayici campus. In the Macedonia campus garden as often as possible at intervals of 1m in line with the campus electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) when determining the underground ruins of the Ottoman period by applying, in the Sarayici campus georadar (GPR) with 500 MHz shielded antenna using parallel profiles 1m spaced at 5 cm intervals on method 20.000 m(2) was investigated. There are areas that have been identified with this information but have not yet been uncovered by archaeological excavations. These areas will be included in the planning process and the cultural and historical heritage of the city will be preserved and transferred to future generations.
