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    The cost of lung cancer in Turkey
    (Turkish Assoc Tuberculosis & Thorax, 2007) Cakir Edis, Ebru; Karlikaya, Celal
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the individual and societal burden of lung cancer in Turkey. A total of 103 cases with lung cancer attended our department between January 2002 and February 2003 were included in our study prospectively. The primary outcome measure was the cost of disease until death of the patients or the end of study. All the costs were expressed as United States dollars (USD) and were estimated regarding the effective exchange rate at the time of recording. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Kaplan-Meier analysis and non-parametric Bootsraping tests were performed to evaluate the data. The average survival was 6.8 months. The estimated total direct cost for the entire group was 564.490 USD, and the direct cost per patient was 5.480 +/- 4.088 USD. The total cost of lung cancer in the study group was 1.473.530 USD, with a per-patient cost of 14.306 +/- 17.705 USD. The average direct cost per life year was 18.058 +/- 25.775 USD. Age, gender and histopathology did not affect the cost, whereas direct medical costs were increased with increasing stage. With the low life expectancy and cure rates, lung cancer has been alerting for the cost minimization and disease control measures.
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    Did unprogrammed tobacco control efforts over seven years decrease smoking prevalence in the medical school?
    (Turkish Assoc Tuberculosis & Thorax, 2011) Karlikaya, Celal; Ozdemir, Levent
    Medical students will have significant roles in combating against death tool of tobacco. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether any decrease in the smoking prevalence of the medical students over seven years of many tobacco control efforts. A self-administered questionnaire was carried out among 764 of 854 (89.4%) medical students in order to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors towards tobacco use. Chi-square tests, Student's t-test and multiple logistic regression methods were used. Results were compared with the historical control study that was done seven years ago with same methods. 25.9% of the students were smoker (36.6% of males, 16.3% of females), 4.9% was exsmoker and 69.2% was nonsmoker. Quit rate was high among males than females (6.8% versus 3.3%, p<0.05). When compared with historical cohort in 1999, smoking rate decreased only 3.8% for males and 5.5% for females, and quit rates were not higher. Lower curriculum year, and lower knowledge level about the harms of smoking and environmental tobacco smoke in lower grades, living in bachelor homes, easy access to smuggled cigarettes, using non-cigarette tobacco products were main factors for smoking. There was little decline in smoking rates of medical students despite of many local and national tobacco control efforts over seven years. Special attention and organized, programmed efforts are needed in medical schools in Turkey.
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    Is subjective sleep qualty better in quitters?
    (European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2012) Celebi, Derya; Karlikaya, Celal; Ozturk, Levent
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    A life-threatening haemoptysis case that would have been defined as idiopathic before the COVID-19 era
    (Turkish Assoc Tuberculosis & Thorax, 2021) Yilmam, Ilker; Karlikaya, Celal; Serez Kaya, Bilkay; Kula, Osman; Emmungil, Hakan
    The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by respiratory infection which can show very different clinical pictures, somewhat changing medical paradigm. Hemoptysis defined as idiopathic can be seen as much as 15%. Currently, increasing hemoptysis cases are being reported in medical coronavirus literature. We here present a hemoptysis case that would be defined as idiopathic before the COVID-19 era. After the first clinical picture, the case turned into a life-threatening hemoptysis. We studied the case com-prehensively as clinical, pathogenetical, therapeutic and clinical practical aspects. Thus, we hypothesized that especially in the pandemic era, all hemoptysis cases must be evaluated as a possible life threatening infectious disease with unpredictable prognosis.
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    Lung cancer histopathology in the Thrace region of Turkey and comparison with national data
    (Turkish Assoc Tuberculosis & Thorax, 2005) Karlikaya, Celal; Edis, Ebru Cakir
    Following the trends in lung cancer (LC) morbidity and mortality rates can show past trends of cigarette smoking and can give clues on some geographical factors. The demographics of LC patients and the histopathologic distribution of their disease in the Thrace region of Turkey have yet to be defined. A retrospective chart review of primary LC patients admitted to the pulmonology department of Trakya University Hospital between 1992 and 2001 was performed. Charts were available for review in 521 of 567 patients. The mean age was 61 +/- 10 years (30-86 years) and 497 (95.4%) patients were ma-le (male/female ratio= 20.7). When compared with national and international data, male/female ratio for the LC patients from Thrace region was higher than the ratio found from Turkey in general and also from other countries. Adenocarcinoma (ADC) was present in seven of the 24 (29.2%) of the females and prevalence of ADC was more than 2.5 times in females than males (p< 0.05). Squamous cell types were more common in males. Histopathological type did not vary with age in females, but small cell carcinoma was more prevalent in males under the age of 45 (44.7% if = 45 years old vs. 29.1% if > 45 years old, p< 0.05). These data may support that the LC associated with smoking is in the earlier phase of the epidemic in Thrace region. Monitoring the LC trend in our region can give clues on evolving cigarette design and smoking attitudes and geographic factors.
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    Mapping the tobacco retailers in Edirne, Turkey [Meeting Abstract
    (European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2012) Karlikaya, Celal; Ince, Huseyin; Ozkan, Nurcan
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Tobacco Control
    (Aves, 2006) Karlikaya, Celal; Oztuna, Funda; Solak, Zeynep Aytemur; Ozkan, Metin; Orsel, Osman
    Tobacco is now a major preventable cause of death in both developed and developing countries. Assuming current patterns of tobacco use and intervention efforts, from 2000 to 2030 the number of smokers will rise from 1.2 billion to 1.6 billion and the annual number of deaths will increase from 4.9 million to 10 million especially in low-and middleincome countries. Smoking causes death mostly from cancers, heart diseases and respiratory diseases and is associated with over fifty health conditions. Exposure in utero to maternal, or paternal tobacco smoke, is causally related to stillbirth, low-birth weight, congenital defects, childhood asthma and other respiratory illness. Exposure to others' tobacco smoke increases the risks for lung cancer and heart disease. Tobacco control is a complex problem that depends on concerted multisectorial effort. Preventing children from using tobacco, promoting smoking cessation and increased access to cessation therapies, restrictions on smoking in public places and in workplaces, comprehensive bans on advertising and promotion are the major tobacco control policies. Tobacco cessation treatment is a significant component of an overall tobacco control program to reduce morbidity and mortality due to tobacco-related diseases. This article reviews human and societal harms of tobacco and tobacco control measures.