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    THE EFFECTS OF METHYLEUGENOL ON THE LIVER, KIDNEY AND SMALL INTESTINE AND ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN RATS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2009) Kaboglu, Aysegul; Ertan, Figen; Kizilay, Gulnur
    Methyleugenol is a natural, widely used constituent of foods. cosmetics, soaps and shampoos. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of methyleugenol on the liver, kidney and small intestine. Methyleugenol was given by gavage to rats for ten days at doses of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg. In liver, widening of the sinusoidal area, necrotic and hypertrophic hepatocytes, cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes, degeneration of endothelium, mononuclear cell infiltration, and picnotic nuclei were observed. In kidney, loosing of glomerulus, mononuclear cell infiltration, focal bleeding around tubules, degenerative tubules, epithelial membrane degeneration, hypertrophic epithelial cells, and accumulation of material in proximal tubules were observed. In small intestine, increased mitotic figures in the base of villi, edema in connective tissue, connective-epithelial tissue separation, diminished connective tissue in lamina propria, a foam-like appearance, and leukocyte infiltration were observed. There were no significant changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, but glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was significantly increased in the kidney and small intestine at 30 mg/kg (p<0.05). The amount of total protein was significantly increased in liver (p<0.05). but not changed in the kidney and small intestine. We concluded that the toxic effects of methyleugenol must be evaluated in greater detail.
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    The short-term effects of single toxic citric acid doses on mouse tissues - Histopathological study
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2008) Aktac, Tulin; Kaboglu, Aysegul; Kizilay, Gulnur; Bakar, Elvan
    In this study, the acute-toxic effects of citric acid, a food preservative, were histopathologically investigated on the liver and kidney tissues of mice. A LD25 (480 mg/kg body weight) dose of citric acid was given by intraperitoneal injection, and after ten days several necrotic changes were observed in both tissues by light and electron microscopy. Citric acid treatment caused loosing and combining of hepatocyte membranes; cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes; picnotic nuclei; mononuclear cell infiltration in small areas, and degeneration of blood vessel endothelium in liver; damaging of cell membrane; picnotic nuclei and hypertrophy of lining epithelium of tubules; disappearing of basal membrane and fusing of tubules in kidney. It also caused a decrease in numbers and volume of mitochondria and increase in secondary lysosomes, disorganization and loss of mitochondrial cristae in both tissues, invagination of nucleus membrane in liver, disorder of basal infoldings, swelling in endoplasmic reticulum sacs and loss of junctional complex as well as partial separation of tubule cells in kidney. The results suggest that citric acid dose level has toxic effects in mice, and additional toxic properties must be examined in detail.