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    The ability of plant compost leachates to control black mold (Aspergillus niger) and to induce the accumulation of antifungal compounds in onion following seed treatment
    (Springer, 2006) Özer, N; Köycü, ND
    Onion seeds treated with leachates of composts prepared from alfalfa and sunflower stalks, at the dosages of 10% and 20% respectively, were inoculated with Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, causal agent of onion black mold disease. The ability of the leachates to induce the production of antifungal compounds and to control black mold were tested at seedling and set stages. Leachates from both composts were able to reduce disease incidence in sets, but not disease severity in onion seedlings. Extracts from treated seedlings and sets were fractionated by thin layer chromatography for their content of antifungal compounds. There were no significant differences between the fractions of alfalfa and sunflower compost leachates in the inhibition of the mycelium growth of A. niger, with the exception of one fraction. The presence of fluorescent pseudomonads and Pantoae agglomerans [synonym: Erwinia herbicola (Lohnis)] bacteria was determined in both leachates. The population of P. agglomerans was higher in the sunflower compost leachate compared to the alfalfa leachate. The tested strains of both bacteria were able to inhibit mycelium growth of the fungal pathogen in agar tests. This study suggests the possible role of beneficial bacteria in the induction of antifungal compounds in onion against A. niger during seedling and set stages.
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    Effect of some organic amendments on onion bulb rot
    (Priel Publ, 2002) Özer, N; Köycü, ND; Mirik, M; Soran, H; Boyraz, D
    The effect of soil amended with stalks of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) on onion bulb rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. Esp. cepae (Hanz.) Snyder Hansen and Aspergillus niger v. Tieghem was tested in a soil naturally infested with the pathogens under field conditions. All treatments significantly reduced bulb rot incidence. The fungal and antibacterial populations varied among all of the amended tested soils. Heterotrophic fungal populations were more effective than heterotrophic bacterial populations in the suppression of disease. The highest population of fungal microflora was found in plots amended with sunflower stalks. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and available moisture content of amended soils have an indirect suppressive role on disease, by increasing the heterotrophic fungal population.
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    Resistance to fusarium basal rot of onion in greenhouse and field and associated expression of antifungal compounds
    (Springer, 2004) Özer, N; Köycü, ND; Chilosi, G; Magro, P
    Greenhouse and field evaluations of onion for resistance to Fusarium basal rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae were conducted on cultivars 'Akgun 12' and 'Rossa Savonese' previously described as resistant at the seedling stage. In the greenhouse experiments inoculations were carried out on seeds or soil; in the field experiments evaluation was performed on onion sets from plants grown in naturally infested soils. Akgun 12 and to a lesser extent Rossa Savonese were resistant to the disease at the bulb stage in all experiments. Results were also consistent with those obtained from a previous screening at the seedling stage. Onion sets were also extracted and fractionated by thin layer chromatography to determine their content of antifungal compounds. Extracts were characterized by the expression of distinct antifungal components, which may be involved in resistance to the pathogen.