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Öğe Biomedical engineering and orthopedic sports medicine(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015) Ates F.; Heybeli N.; Yucesoy C.A.Orthopedic sports medicine has a broad area of interest from the prevention of sports injuries, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of athletes, children, females, as well as older people. Accordingly, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to improve orthopedic sports medicine. Biomedical engineering defined as the application of engineering principles based on science and mathematics to the various problems related to human health is a good candidate for that. To improve the orthopedic sports medicine, biomedical engineering with a special emphasis in the musculoskeletal system offers isolating the problem and developing a set of hypotheses tested with experiments, modeling, and theoretical methods. In this chapter, such approaches and modalities of biomedical engineering are discussed with possible implications in risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of sports injuries. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012, 2015, All Rights Reserved.Öğe The effects of irradiation on bone fracture healing: Can it promote mineralization at low doses?(2010) Gülçür H.Ö.; Heybeli N.; Durmuş-Altun G.; Çalo?lu M.; Öz-Puyan F.; Tunçbilek N.; Çopuro?lu C.This experimental study investigated the hypothesis that low dose irradiation can enhance fracture healing and mineralization. Standardized transverse femur fractures were created and intramedullary fixed with open technique to forty young adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats and randomized to RT (treatment with 1 Gy) and C (controls, sham treatment) groups. At third and sixth week after fracture, high resolution Bone Mineral Density (BMD) analysis, bone scintigraphy and radiographic examination with a mammography device were performed and rats were sacrificed for histopathological examinations. Statistically significant differences were found at sixth week; as BMD index was found to be higher in RT group (p=0.006) and BMD value was found lower in the non-fracture region of the irradiated femurs (p=0.005). No statistically significant differences were found between groups for other parameters. The results showed increased mineralization at the fracture site only when compared with irrradiated non-fractured bone region, which cannot be regarded as a basis for clinical practice. However, when applications like heterotopic ossification prophylaxis are considered, the issue remains to be solved by molecular techniques, especially for doses between 1 and 5 Gy. ©2010 IEEE.Öğe Osteochondral injuries of the talus(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012) Heybeli N.; Kılıço Ğ Lu Ö.Osteochondral lesions of the talar dome are frequent problems in athletes causing pain and disability. Lateral lesions are almost always associated with an ankle sprain, which is a common sports injury where medial lesions are rarely associated with trauma. Radiographic classification is more appropriate for acute lesions while chronic lesions should be classified according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is the most valuable diagnostic method. Arthroscopic excision of displaced fragments with a maximum diameter of 10–15 mm is the treatment of choice in acute lesions. Fixation of larger fragments is recommended for acute cases. Observation can be selected as a treatment method only for chronic lesions without pain; however, this is controversial for athletes. Degenerative changes are rare but possible. If the cartilage is intact, arthroscopy-assisted retrograde drilling under fluoroscopic guidance is performed. If there is a defect in the cartilage, the lesion is curetted arthroscopically. Special flexible and open curets should be available for arthroscopic curettage. Drilling or microfracture methods must be employed to make sure the floor of the lesion is bleeding. If the cavity produced by curettage is deep, grafting of the lesion might be considered. If the diameter of the defect is larger than 10–15 mm, advanced procedures such as osteochondral grafting or autologous chondrocyte transfers may be required. Early arthroscopy of the ankle is worthwhile for athletes after an ankle injury. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.Öğe Sports after total knee prosthesis(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012) Heybeli N.; Çopuro Ğ Lu C.Joint replacement surgery by improving function and relieving pain was proved to be an effective and reliable intervention, especially in the treatment of arthritic hip and knee joints. The advances in surgical techniques and implant properties have led to an increase in patients’ expectations; therefore, returning to sports after joint replacement is desired by many, particularly those who participate in sports activities preoperatively. Sporting activities cause concentrated stresses on smaller areas in knee prosthesis when compared with normal knees. High-impact sports may cause fatigue and implant failure. Despite the advances in knee arthroplasty, it is rational to avoid high-impact sports. Recommending low-impact sports after total knee replacement is advisable, as benefits have been shown by previous studies. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.Öğe Tendons and ligaments(Springer International Publishing, 2015) Heybeli N.; Kömür B.; Yilmaz B.; Güler O.Tendons and ligaments are complex structures and have different anatomical and dynamic properties. Injury of tendons and ligaments remodel with scar formation with differences in themselves. Although scarring depends on the quality and quantity of the injured tissues, it can be qualified with appropriate rehabilitation. In normal conditions, scar formation prevents returning of normal tendon function because of its structural and biological limitations. It has been shown that reconstruction of injured tendons and ligaments with allografts and autografts in different clinical and experimental studies. Despite of these developments, healing process of both biological and biomechanics of the tendons and ligaments is still have to be investigated. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016.
