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    Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities and Antifungal Activity of Different Plants Species Against Pink Mold Rot-Causing Trichothecium roseum
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Balkan, Bilal; Balkan, Seda; Aydogdu, Halide; Guler, Necmettin; Ersoy, Huseyin; Askin, Buket
    Trichothecium roseum causes the pink mold rot in many fruits and vegetables around the world. Due to this infection, significant losses arise in foods. In order to control this infection, plant extracts offer alternative treatment for fungicides. In this study, 50 plant species were screened for their antifungal effects against T. roseum. Anthemis arvensis, Origanum vulgare, Sambucus ebulus and Thymus longicaulis powders totally inhibited the mycelia growth of T. roseum at 10% (w/v). The powders of Chelidonium majus and Clinopodium vulgare were effective to T. roseum, with a percentage of inhibition of mycelia growth higher than 70%. MIC of A. arvensis aqueous extracts were lower than the other extracts (125 mu g/ml). Also its extracts inhibited the spore germination by 100% at 1000 mu g/ml. The incidence of the pink mold rot on tomatoes which were treated with C. majus aqueous extracts (75, 150 and 300 mg/ml) was lower than the extracts of other plants when compared to control. At concentration of 300 mg/ml, C. majus extracts prevented the disease by 71.42%. By the SEM, it was determined at the 4MIC extracts, cell wall degradation, swelling, flattening, lysis, collapsing and wrinkling on the hyphal structure. The highest total phenolic and flavanol contents were observed in O. vulgare extracts (310.49 mg GA/g) and T. longicaulis (5.24 mg CE/g). The EC50 values of the experimented extracts were lowered than the EC50 value of Gallic acid (1.87 mg/ml). Meanwhile, in all of the extracts there were phenolic compounds, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, caffeic acid and kaempferol as determined with HPLC system. This research demonstrates that C. majus aqueous extracts may possess high potential to control the pink mold rot on tomatoes as new natural antifungal products.
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    The flora of Yildiz Mountains (Kirklareli) Biosphere Project area
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2013) Akalin Urusak, Emine; Ozhatay, Fatma Neriman; Guler, Necmettin; Ersoy, Huseyin; Basak, Nesibe; Yesil, Yeter; Oral, Dilek
    A floristic study of the Yildiz Mountains Biosphere Project was undertaken between May and October 2009. The project area is located in the north-eastern part of European Turkey, within flora square A1-A2 (E) (Kirklareli), and covers about 1300 km(2). The list of vascular plants was prepared mainly based on specimens collected during the flora surveys of the Project and supplemented by earlier gathered specimens kept in the EDTU, ISTE, and ISTO herbaria. In the project area 1315 taxa, belonging to 505 genera and 113 families, were determined. Among these, 18 taxa are Pteridophytes, 4 Gymnospermae, 1035 Dicotyledones, and 258 Monocotyledones, The 3 largest families are Compositae (153 taxa; 11.5%), Leguminosae (119 taxa; 9.1%), and Graminae (102 taxa; 7.9%). The richest genus is Trifolium (62 taxa). Among the more significant finds of this floristic survey of the research area are 15 endemic taxa for Turkey and 29 taxa that are not recorded in the Asiatic part of Turkey, a new species for plant science (Allium rumelicum M.Kocyigit & N.Ozhatay), 3 new records for Turkey (Allium saxatile M.Bieb., Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss., and Elatine triandra Schkuhr), and 8 new records for European Turkey.
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    A Preliminary Study on The Chemical Structure of Vicia saliva L. Accessions Collected From Natural Flora of European Part of Turkey
    (Univ Namik Kemal, 2022) Nizam, Ilker; Tenikecier, Hazim Serkan; Orak, Adnan; Tuna, Canan; Guler, Necmettin; Ersoy, Huseyin
    The objective of this study was to determine chemical composition of 24 common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) accessions, collected from natural flora in European part of Turkey. The field experiment was carried out in the 2015-2016 growing season at field experimental area of Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Field Crops Department in Tekirdag/Turkey. In this study, chemical structure (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu). zinc (Zn). iron (Fe), and manganese(Mn) content) of common vetch accessions were determined on hay. Chemical composition content was statistically significantly different (P <= 0.01) between accessions. According to the results obtained from field experiments, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn content of common vetch accessions varied between 0.95-3.14 %, 0.84-3.65 %, 0.22-2.44 %, 0.89-2.85 %, 0.23-0.74 %, 0.15-7.80 ppm, 0.10-5.30 ppm, 43.00-2295.20 ppm, 3.08-17.50 ppm, respectively. A wide variation was observed among common vetch accessions used in the study for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn content. Tetany and Ca/P rates of accessions changed from 0.13 - 1.54 and 0.28 - 2.19, respectively. The tetany and Ca/P rates of common vetch accessions are within suitable values for animal feeding. Ca/P ratio is above the limit value only in accessions 15-2 and 14O04. According to the correlation analysis, N was positively and significantly correlated with P, K, Mg, Cu and Fe. Similarly, P was positively and significantly correlated with N, K and Fe. Magnesium was positively and significantly correlated with N, Ca, Cu, Fe and Mn. Iron was positively and significantly correlated with N, P, Ca, Mg and Cu. As a result, accession 15K17 and 33 were identified as common vetch accessions with high mineral nutrition content.
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    Seed micromorphology of Orchis Tourn. ex L. (Orchidaceae) and allied genera growing in Edirne province, Turkey
    (Pensoft Publ, 2016) Guler, Necmettin
    In this study, the seed micromorphologies of eight taxa of Anacamptis, Neotinea and Orchis growing around Edirne province (Turkey) were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Slides prepared with glycerin jelly were used for measurements under the light microscope and fine details of seed testae characteristics were observed with SEM. Seeds of the investigated orchid taxa are fusiform shaped and of different shades of brown. Their lengths and widths are different among the taxa and range between 0.263-0.640 mm and 0.118-0.208 mm, respectively. Testa surfaces of Orchis mascula subsp. mascula, O. purpurea subsp. purpurea and O. simia subsp. simia, are smooth while those of Anacamptis coriophora, A. laxiflora subsp. laxiflora, A. morio subsp. morio, A. papilionacea and Neotinea tridentata subsp. tridentata are reticulate. An identification key based on seed morphologies and sizes is suggested for the first time, including testae structures of orchids growing in Edirne province. The overall results of the study showed that morphological structures of orchid's seeds could be used as diagnostic characters in identification.
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    Trifolium L. - A Review on its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile
    (Wiley, 2009) Sabudak, Temine; Guler, Necmettin
    Plants from the genus Trifolium have been used in traditional medicine by many cultures. In Turkish folk medicine, for example, some Trifolium species are used for their expectorant, analgesic, antiseptic properties and also to treat rheumatic aches. Some species are also grown as pasture crops for animals in the Mediterranean. The high quercetin concentration and soyasaponin occurrence make the seeds of some Trifolium species a potential source of health beneficial phytochemicals for use in human nutrition. However, Trifolium pratense has also gained popularity due to research into its use for the treatment for menopausal symptoms. This paper provides an overview of the phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Trifolium species. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    What colour of flowers do Lepidoptera prefer for foraging?
    (Versita, 2010) Yurtsever, Selcuk; Okyar, Zuhal; Guler, Necmettin
    Food plant preferences of some Lepidoptera species associated with particular colour of the flowers were investigated. Based on 1,329 field observations of 43 Lepidoptera and 66 plant species, Lepidoptera showed a high tendency (G-test, G (adj) = 698.6, df = 6, P < 0.001) to use the yellow (29%) and pink (28%) coloured flowers for foraging. Compared to the other colours it was evident that plants with red flowers (2%) were not preferred. Moreover, the plants with red (H = 0.435) and yellow-white (H = 0.543) flowers were not visited by diverse Lepidoptera species. Although yellow and pink flowers were most frequently visited, the highest degrees of the Lepidoptera diversity values were associated with the plants having blue (H = 0.647) and purple (H = 0.634) flowers. Species of Nymphalidae were most numerous (14 spp.) in the study area and the members of this family were observed 430 times on 39 different plant species, but never on plants with red flowers. Pieris rapae was the most abundant species that occurred 136 times on a total of 21 different plant species of which eight had yellow flowers. But, this species has never been seen while feeding on red flowers.