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    The effects of riboflavin on ischemia/reperfusion induced renal injury: Role on caspase-3 expression
    (Marmara Univ, 2019) Ayaz Adakul, Betul; Ertas, Busra; Cevikelli, Zatiye Ayca; Ozbeyli, Dilek; Ercan, Feriha; Kandemir, Cansu; Cevik, Ozge
    Reactive oxygen metabolites play important roles in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in several organ systems. Riboflavin has been shown to exert antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory activities in several experimental models. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of riboflavin against I/R injury in the rat kidney. Wistar albino rats 200-300 g weighing were divided into 3 groups. One week after unilateral nephrectomy, the IR procedure was applied to the rats. To induce I/R injury renal pedicle was clamped for 45 minutes and then rats were allowed reperfusion for 6 hours. Riboflavin (25 mg/ kg, orally) or vehicle was administered for one week as pretreatment. After decapitation, kidney tissue samples were taken for the evaluation of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation; glutathione (GSH), a key antioxidant; and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a specific marker of oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and caspase-3 activities were also examined together with histological analysis. Ischemia/reperfusion induced significant increases in MDA and 8-OHdG levels and MPO and caspase- 3 activities, and decrese in GSH levels. In the riboflavin treatment these indices were found to be reversed back to control levels. The present data demonstrated that riboflavin, through its antioxidant effect, attenuates I/R induced acute renal injury in rats.
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    Saccharomyces boulardii ameliorates clarithromycin- and methotrexate-induced intestinal and hepatic injury in rats
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2013) Duman, Deniz Guney; Kumral, Zarife Nigar Ozdemir; Ercan, Feriha; Deniz, Mustafa; Can, Guray; Yegen, Berrak Caglayan
    Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic used for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. We aimed to investigate whether S. boulardii could alter the effects of clarithromycin (CLA) and methotrexate (MTX) on oro-caecal intestinal transit and oxidative damage in rats. Rats were divided into two groups receiving a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) or CLA (20 mg/kg per d) for 1 week. Groups were treated with either saline or S. boulardii (500 mg/kg) twice per d throughout the experiment. The control group was administered only saline. Following decapitation, intestinal transit and inflammation markers of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase were measured in intestinal and hepatic tissues. CLA and MTX increased intestinal transit, while S. boulardii treatment slowed down CLA-facilitated transit back to control level. Both MTX and CLA increased lipid peroxidation while depleting the antioxidant GSH content in the hepatic and ileal tissues. Conversely, lipid peroxidation was depressed and GSH levels were increased in the ileal and hepatic tissues of S. boulardii-treated rats. Increased ileal neutrophil infiltration due to MTX and CLA treatments was also reduced by S. boulardii treatment. Histological analysis supported that S. boulardii protected intestinal tissues against the inflammatory effects of both agents. These findings suggest that S. boulardii ameliorates intestinal injury and the accompanying hepatic inflammation by supporting the antioxidant state of the tissues and by inhibiting the recruitment of neutrophils. Moreover, a preventive effect on MTX-induced toxicity is a novel finding of S. boulardii, proposing it as an adjunct to chemotherapy regimens.