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    Effects of coffee consumption and smoking habit on bone mineral density
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2006) Demirbag, D; Ozdemir, F; Ture, M
    This study aims to investigate how a person's smoking and coffee consumption habits in the premenopausal stage can affect the postmenopausal BMD values. Two hundred females in the postmenopause stage were evaluated. The average daily coffee consumption and smoking habits in the premenopause stage and the demographic characteristics, age and duration of menopause of all the cases were identified and noted. The bone mineral density (BMD) evaluations of these cases were made with Dual Energy X-ray Absorbsiometer (DEXA) technique. The relationship of the questioned risk factors with BMD and differences among the groups were investigated. No correlation was found between the amount of coffee consumption and BMD. The BMD values of the smokers' group were lower than non-smokers' group. As a result, advancing age, duration of menopause and smoking habits have been identified to be risk factors in relation to OP.
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    Pressure-induced pain on the tibia: an indicator of low bone mineral density?
    (Springer Tokyo, 2004) Birtane, M; Tuna, H; Ekuklu, G; Demirbag, D; Tuna, F; Kokino, S
    Previous literature investigating bone pain in osteoporosis has prominently focused on painful conditions following osteoporotic fractures. Is osteoporosis really a silent disease without bone pain and tenderness unless a fracture occurs? Our aim in this study was to answer the question by assessing the questionable tenderness on tibia bones of fracture-free patients with low bone density and to compare the findings with a normal population. One-hundred-thirty-three consecutive postmenopausal female patients with the mean age of 56 years admitted to our clinic for bone mass measurement were included in the study. Bone mineral density (BMD) values of lumbar spine (L2-L4) and right proximal femur (neck, trochanter, Ward's triangle) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Patients with T scores lower than -1 formed the osteopenic-osteoporotic group of patients (low BMD group) whereas those with T scores higher than -1 constituted the normal BMD group according to the osteoporosis definition regarding T score for DXA. Mechanical pressure was applied by a hand algometer on the middle points of three equally divided sections on the anterior part of tibia, and the pressure levels starting the pain sensation (POPL) were recorded. Although the patients in the normal BMD group reported consistently high POPL at all regions of tibia for all BMD measurement sites, this difference reached to a statistical significance level only for the femur neck region. Only mean POPL for the whole tibia had independent association with only femur neck BMD by multiple linear regression analysis. These results are encouraging for assessing the significance of pressure-induced tibial pain as an indicator of low BMD in the future.
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    The relationship between bone mineral content and functional disability in hemiparetic patients
    (Springer London Ltd, 2005) Demirbag, D; Ozdemir, F; Kokino, S; Berkarda, S
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    The relationship between bone mineral density and immobilization duration in hemiplegic limbs
    (Springer, 2005) Demirbag, D; Ozdemir, F; Kokino, S; Berkarda, S
    Objective: Prolonged immobilization in stroke is known to result in hypercalciuria, hypercalcemia, accelerated bone resorption, and osteoporosis. Furthermore, bone mineral loss accelerated with increasing duration of hemiplegia. Although stroke is a common disease that causes sudden immobilization, relatively few investigations of bone metabolism in stroke have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in bone mineral density of the forearms and legs related to duration of hemiplegia-induced immobilization after stroke. Methods: Forty-one hemiplegic patients with stroke were evaluated. The patients' age, gender and duration of hemiplegia-induced immobilization were recorded. The measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) in all patients were evaluated with DEXA using the Norland apparatus. The BMD values (g/cm(2)) C were determined by measurements made in the lumbar vertebrae, both forearm and legs (femoral neck and trochanter). Results: We found that bone mineral density was decreased in the affected extremities relative to the intact contralateral side on measurements by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in bones such as forearm, femoral neck and trochanter. There was a significant difference between bone mineral density of paretic and nonparetic forearms and legs. Bone mineral density of the upper limbs was lower than that of the lower limbs. There was a negative correlation between duration of hemiplegia and BMD values. Conclusions: Bone mineral loss may be related to the duration of hemiplegia-induced immobilization. Bone mineral loss is accelerated when the duration of hemiplegia is prolonged.
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    Reproductive factors affecting the bone mineral density in postmenopausal women
    (Tohoku Univ Medical Press, 2005) Ozdemir, F; Demirbag, D; Rodoplu, M
    Osteoporosis has been defined as a metabolic bone disease characterized by a loss of bone mineral density (BMD) greater than 2.5 standard deviations below young adult peak bone mass or the presence of fracture. By considering that some factors related to female reproductive system might influence the ultimate risk of osteoporosis, we aimed to investigate if a relationship exists between the present BMD of postmenopausal women with their past and present reproductive characteristics. The present study focused on how BMD could be affected by the following factors in postmenopausal women, such as age at menarche, age at first pregnancy, the number of pregnancies and total breast-feeding time. We reviewed detailed demographic history of 303 postmenopausal women. According to the results of the present study, a negative correlation was found between the number of parities and BMD. The BMD values decreased as the number of pregnancies increased. When the BMD values for lumbar vertebrae 2 and Ward's triangle were investigated, it was observed that a significant difference exists between the women with no child birth and those with more than five parities. There was a significant relationship between age at first pregnancy and BMD values at the lumbar vertebrae 2 and Ward's triangle. Women who had five or more abortions were found to have significantly lower spine BMD values compared to women who had no abortions or women who had one or two abortions. These findings indicate that the increased risk of osteoporosis is associated with the increased number of pregnancies and abortions and higher age at first pregnancy.