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Öğe Boza: A lactic acid fermented cereal beverage as a traditional Turkish food(Marcel Dekker Inc, 2002) Arici, M; Daglioglu, OConsumption of lactic acid fermented foods is common in many mid-Asian, Middle East, and African countries. These products have many advantages such a; destroying undesirable factors in the raw products, reducing the volume of the material, and providing a safer product. Besides improving organoleptic quality by fermentation, they are also superior in digestibility and nutritive value compared to their unfermented counterparts. Boza is a traditional Turkish beverage made by yeast and lactic acid bacteria, fermentation of millet, cooked maize, wheat, or rice semolina/flour. The name, boza, in Turkish comes from the Persian word, buze, meaning millet. However, the Turks who lived in Middle Asia called this beverage bassoi. There are also similar beverages produced in East European countries (braga or brascha), the Balkans (busa), and Egypt (bouza). In the past, boza has been produced and consumed with slight differences in the recipe in the Turkish countries. Boza is made of various kinds of cereals (usually millet, maize, and wheat), but boza of the best quality and taste is made of millet flour. In the Balkans, such as Bulgaria, cocoa is also included in the boza recipe. Boza produced in Egypt has high alcohol content (up to 7% by volume) and is consumed as beer. Because of its lactic acid, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and fiber contents, it is a valuable fermented food that contributes to human nutrition.Öğe Changes in oxidative stability of selected bakery products during shelf life(Japanese Soc Food Sci & Technology, 2004) Daglioglu, O; Tasan, M; Gecgel, U; Daglioglu, FIn this research, selected bakery products that contain high amount of fat (> 10%) were stored under ambient conditions until the end of shelf life. Changes in oxidative stability and fatty acid composition of the samples including biscuits, crackers, wafer and fruit cake were determined with three months of interval. Free fatty acidity, peroxide value, and Rancimat induction times changed significantly (p < 0.05) in all samples. However, acidity and peroxide values remained under the maximum limits allowed by standarts. Total fat contents ranged from 13.3% (petit beurre) to 27.1% (wafer), and the major fatty acids in the samples were palmitic, stearic, oleic, trans oleic, and linoleic acids. Changes in unsaturated fatty acids which majorly affects the lipid oxidation were insignificant (p > 0.05), and according to the obtained results all samples maintained their oxidative stability throughout shelf life.Öğe Determination of fatty acid composition and total trans fatty acids in cereal-based Turkish foods(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2002) Daglioglu, O; Tasan, M; Tunçel, BThe fatty acid composition and trans fatty acids of 13 cereal-based foods produced by Turkish companies were analysed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. The total fat contents of the samples ranged from 1.8 to 37.9%. Traditional Turkish white bread and bulgur had the lowest fat content (1.8% and 2.3% respectively) and wafer the highest (37.9%). The major fatty acids in the samples were C-16:0, C-18:0, trans C-18:1, C-18:1 and C-18:2. Total unsaturated fatty acid contents varied between 49.0 and 80.3% of total fatty acids, and bulgur had the highest percentage among the samples. Except for bulgur, all the samples contained trans fatty acids (weight percentage of methyl esters) ranging from 0.1 to 31.0% of the total. Bulgur did not contain detectable levels of trans fatty acids while white bread and corn chips contained trace amounts: 0.1% and 0.7% respectively.Öğe Determination of fatty acid composition and total trans fatty acids of Turkish biscuits by capillary gas-liquid chromatography(Springer Verlag, 2000) Daglioglu, O; Tasan, M; Tuncel, BIn this research, fatty acid composition and total trans fatty acid contents of six types of biscuit produced by four different Turkish companies were determined by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Total fat contents of the biscuit samples ranged between 8.5% and 26.0%. The highest fat content was determined in sesame biscuits (average 24.4%) and the lowest in petit beurre biscuits (average 13.5%). Total fat contents varied even for the same type of biscuit as a result of the use of different recipes by each company. The major fatty acids in the samples were C-16:0, C-18:0, trans C-18:1, C-18:1, trans C-18:2 and C-18:2. Depending on the biscuit type, total unsaturated fatty acid contents were between 52.1% and 72.8%. The ranges of total trans fatty acid contents in biscuit types were petit beurre 1.9-29.0%, sesame 15.0-23.1%, baby 3.0-30.5%, oat 17.6-22.4%, cocoa 1.5-22.9% and finger 1.0-24.7%. It is clear from the results that the percentage of trans fatty acids in the total fat content is significant because of the use of hydrogenated vegetable oils in biscuit production.Öğe The effect of replacing fat with oat bran on fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of meatballs(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2003) Yilmaz, I; Daglioglu, OOat bran was used as a fat substitute in the production of meatballs. The effect of oat bran addition on the fatty acid composition, trans fatty acids, total fat, some physicochemical and sensory properties of the samples was studied. Meatballs were produced with four different formulations; the addition of 5, 10, 15 and 20% oat bran. Control samples were formulated with 25% fat addition as in commercial production. The major fatty acids were cis-oleic, palmitic and stearic acid in all the meatball samples, those with oat bran added as well as the control. Meatballs containing oat bran had lower concentrations of total fat and total trans fatty acids than the control samples. Meatballs made with 20% oat bran had the highest protein, salt and ash contents, L value (lightness), b value (yellowness), and the lowest moisture content and a value (redness). There was no significant difference among the meatball samples with respect to sensory properties, and all samples had high acceptability. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of microwave and conventional baking on the oxidative stability and fatty acid composition of puff pastry(Amer Oil Chemists Soc A O C S Press, 2000) Daglioglu, O; Tasan, M; Tuncel, BThe effects of microwave and conventional baking on the fatty acid and trans fatty acid compositions of puff pastries, which contain high amounts of hydrogenated fat, were investigated. In addition, free fatty acids, peroxide value, and induction time for oxidative stability by the Rancimat method have been compared for microwave- and conventionally baked puff pastries. The data indicate there were considerable changes in acidity, peroxide value, and Rancimat induction time in both microwave- and conventionally baked samples. Although the content of saturated fatty acid such as palmitic and stearic and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids did not change significantly, an apparent increase was determined in trans oleic acid levels by both baking methods. In addition, a significant decrease in linoleic acid content of the samples was found by microwave baking.Öğe Effects of tarhana fermentation and drying methods on the fate of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus(Springer-Verlag, 2002) Daglioglu, O; Arici, M; Konyali, M; Gumus, TAs a traditional fermented product tarhana is the dry form of yoghurt-cereal mixture and form an important part of diets of many people in Turkey. Organic acid production during the fermentation and lowering the moisture content below 10% by drying have bacteriostatic effect on pathogenic microorganisms and increase product shelf life. In this research tarhana doughs were inoculated with pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli O157:H7+S. aureus, separately. Tarhana samples were fermented at 35 +/- 2 degreesC for seven days, and dried using either a conventional hot air oven or a microwave oven. Counts of E. coli O157:H7, S. aureus, total mesophile aerobic bacteria, yeast-mould and lactic acid bacteria, as well as moisture and pH values were determined during fermentation and after drying. E. coli O157:H7 survived until the third day of fermentation in the inoculated samples; however it was not present after the fifth day. Counts of S. aureus decreased markedly after the first day of fermentation and were 10(2) cfu/g at the end of fermentation. Microwave drying completely destroyed the pathogen S. aureus, and was more efficient than the conventional method in reducing microbial population and moisture content of the samples.Öğe Fatty acid composition of traditional fermented and unfermented Turkish corn bread with the emphasis on trans fatty acids(Springer-Verlag, 2003) Daglioglu, O; Tasan, MDietary fat continues to be a major research priority because of its association with heart disease, cancer and other chronic diseases. On the other hand emerging data suggest that trans fatty acids may raise blood levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol to much the same extent as saturated fatty acids. In this research cis and trans fatty acid composition of unfermented and fermented corn bread as well as flour used in the recipe, and dough samples were determined. Unfermented bread samples were made of corn flour, and fermented breads were made of corn flour-wheat flour mix (1/1) by the traditional straight dough method. Samples, including flour, dough and bread, were analysed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography for their fatty acid compositions. According to the results obtained, unfermented and fermented bread dough have the same fatty acid composition as the flour used in the recipe. Dough fermentation did not effect the fatty acid composition of corn bread. However, fatty acid composition changed slightly in the baked bread. The levels of palmitic, stearic and oleic acid increased, and those of linoleic, linolenic, arachidic and eicosenoic acids decreased, compared to flour and dough. Trans linolenic acid was also detected in both unfermented and fermented corn bread at a level of 0.1%. Slight changes in the fatty acid composition and formation of trans linolenic acid were a result of baking temperature.Öğe Macro and micro mineral contents of Turkish bread types(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 1999) Daglioglu, O; Tuncel, B[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Occurrence of fumonisin in processed and low processed corn-based products in Turkey(Akademiai Kiado, 2004) Arici, M; Daglioglu, O; Gumus, T; Daglioglu, FA total of 92 corn-based food products consisting of 53 low-processed and 39 processed samples were collected at random from retail markets and bazaars in various provinces of Turkey and analysed for total fumonisin levels. Twenty-one (40%) low-processed and nine (23%) processed samples were found to contain fumonisin. Total fumonisin contamination in the low-processed products ranged from 0.8 to 273 mg kg(-1), and in the processed products from 0.3 to 76.8 mg kg(-). Considering all 92 samples, the highest frequency of detection and the highest concentrations (in flour samples up to 273 mg kg(-1)) were detected in low-processed products. These results indicated the natural contamination of corn-based low-processed and processed food products for human consumption in Turkey by fumonisins.Öğe Tarhana as a traditional Turkish fermented cereal food. Its recipe, production and composition(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2000) Daglioglu, OAs a fermented product tarhana is the dry form of yogurt-cereal mixture and represents an important part of the diets of many people in Turkey. It is prepared by mixing wheat flour, yogurt, yeast and a variety of cooked vegetables (tomatoes, onions, green pepper etc.), salt, and spices (mint, paprika) followed by fermentation for one to seven days. Generally one part yogurt is mixed with two parts of wheat flour (w/w). In commercial production there are two methods for tarhana making. First method is called straight method and ingredients in the recipe is mixed and kneaded, fermented, dried and finally sieved. Second method is called sour dough method that contains three steps, each one has a different recipe. Throughout fermentation lactic acid bacteria and yeast give the characteristic taste and flavour of tarhana by producing lactic acid, ethanol, carbondioxide and some other organic compounds. Organic acids composed in fermentation period lower the pH (3.4-4.2), and low moisture content (6-10%) is a poor medium for pathogens and spoilage organisms. The nutrient content of tarhana depends upon yogurt and flour ratios as well as some other ingredients, and it is also considered to be a useful high-protein dietary supplement with average 15% protein content. Addition of set yogurt due to high dry matter content and baker's yeast increase protein content and enhances it's amino acid composition.
