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    The Relationship of Letters and Sounds in German. An Error Analysis of the Pronunciation of Multilingual Turkish Students
    (Istanbul Univ, Fac Letters, 2020) Koksal, Handan; Cinar, Servet
    A challenge for foreign language learners is the correspondence of the written language with the sounds of the target language. Although the sound-to-letter relationship of German is not as complicated as English or French, the German language does not have total sound-to-letter correspondence. The aim of this study is to question which sounds are more problematic for multilingual Turkish German learners in university education. A further aim is to determine the possible causes of their pronunciation deviations. In the context of the present study, an error analysis in the sense of Kleppin (1998) was carried out. The sample of the study was a group of Turkish university students who learned German as a third foreign language. To collect the data, the respondents were asked to perform a number of actions: to pronounce a list of selected words, record themselves with electronic recording devices and then send the digitally stored recorded files to the researchers. The deviations were dominated by vowels, including diphthongs and vowels with umlauts, which was expected. The causes of the deviations were mostly due to the interferences of the written language and the previously learned (foreign) languages. From the results, it can be concluded that multilingual learners have many advantages in pronunciation skills and that the deviations are due to the interference of the written language and the previously learned (foreign) languages rather than errors.
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    Scientific Relations Between Turkey and Germany: Turkish-German Universities
    (Hale Sivgin, 2013) Turk, Fahri; Cinar, Servet
    Turkey and Germany are two countries which have well advanced relations in the fields of politics, economy, military, education and science for many years. These relations contribute to both sides in different aspects. However, when two countries are compared with each other, Germany transfers massive amounts of science and especially technology to Turkey. The present study deals with the transferring scientific experience from Germany to Turkey within the framework of universities, especially focusing on the Turkish-German University. Following a brief history of Turkish-German relations, the importance of the republican period as well as Turkish-German universities regarding the relations between both countries will be analysed through expert opinions and empirical data.