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Öğe Basic Rules for Naming Sutures(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Unur, Erdogan; Ucar, Ilyas; Cikmaz, Selman; Akkin, Salih Murat[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Effect of formaldehyde inhalation on rat livers: A light and electron microscopic study(Sage Publications Inc, 2010) Cikmaz, Selman; Kutoglu, Tunc; Kanter, Mehmet; Mesut, RecepIt is well known that formaldehyde (FA) is cytotoxic and potentially carcinogenic. Although the individual effects of this reactant on cells has been investigated, the cytotoxicity exerted by the coexistence of FA is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of FA on the liver in rats, by light and electron microscopic level. We used 18 Wistar albino rats divided into three groups, exposed to 0 (control), 19.7 ppm FA gas for a total of 4 weeks, 8 h/day, 5 days a week (subacute) and 20.3 parts per million (ppm) FA gas for a total of 13 weeks, 8 h/day, 5 days a week (subchronic). After the completion of the exposure period, they were sacrificed by decapitation and their liver tissue samples were taken in order to be processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Light microscopic evaluation of liver tissue samples of FA-exposed rats revealed enlarged sinusoids filled with blood and mononuclear cell infiltration in the portal areas and around the central veins. In addition, some of the hepatocytes showed loss of cytoplasm, and some had a hyperchromatic nucleus. The cells of FA-exposed livers, on the other hand, showed an electron-lucent ground-cytoplasm and a hypertrophy of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. In conclusion, we observed that exposure FA caused diverse histopathological changes indicating the destruction in the liver tissue and this destruction has direct relationship with the length of the exposure period.Öğe Effects of electroacupuncture at ST36 and BL20 on the diabetic rat testis(Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Kizilay, Gulnur; Ersoy, Onur; Bozer, Cuneyt; Demirtas, Selim; Cikmaz, Selman; Yilmaz, AliObjective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 and BL20 on the testicular tissues in a rat model of diabetes and to explore the mechanisms of action. Methods: A total of 34 male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to a control group (n = 10), diabetes (D) group (n = 12) or diabetes + acupuncture (DA) group (n = 12). To model diabetes, rats in groups D and DA received an intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH = 4.5; 0.1 M) after 2 weeks of high-fat diet administration. Under xylazine/ketamine anesthesia, stainless steel needles (30 mm x 0.25 mm) were inserted bilaterally at ST36 and BL20. The needles were connected to an EA device via cables, and EA was applied for 30 min (15 Hz frequency and 0.2-1 mA intensity) twice a week for 5 weeks. Results: The effects of EA at ST36 and BL20 on blood glucose levels and body weight, biochemical parameters, histopathological, morphometric and immunohistochemical findings, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis were evaluated. A significant decrease was detected in DA versus D groups in blood glucose levels, basement membrane thickness and apoptotic cell/tubule indices. In addition, there was a significant increase in the Johnsen scores, seminiferous tubule diameters, serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, proliferation indices, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) immunoreactivities. Conclusion: EA had multiple positive effects on blood glucose homeostasis and testicular structure/function in this rat model of diabetes. EA may be effective at preventing or eliminating histopathological damage in the diabetic testis.Öğe The Morphometric Analysis of Crista Phallica in Identification of Sexes(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2009) Ulucam, Enis; Alicioglu, Banu; Cikmaz, Selman; Yilmaz, Ali; Sut, NecdetCrista phallica (CP) is used to determine sex in anthropology and criminal forensic medicine; however, it does not exist in anatomic and radiological terminology. The purpose of this retrospective study is morphometric analysis of the CP. We studied radiographs displaying several different clinical indications from patients whose bone maturation were fully complete. The crista phallica located on both sides of the medial portion of ischiopubic ramus (IPR) were localized and their peak points were determined. The distance from these peak points to the inner cortex of IPRs were measured, as well as the angles between the tangents passing the peak points from both sides. We determined the distance of the IPR (DIPR) for males and females sequentially as 21.3+/-3.5 mm, and 17+/-2.8 mm, angle of CP (ACP) as 149.1 degrees+/-15.7, and 163.5 degrees+/-13.4. It was identified that ACP for females is less than ACP for males (p<0.001). ACP and DIPR alone are not sufficient criteria to determine sex. Therefore, the results of our findings show that it would be more useful to study other specifications and their metric analysis in order to determine sex.Öğe Radiological Analysis of Human Hand in Terms of Artistic Anatomy(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2010) Yilmaz, Ali; Alicioglu, Banu; Sut, Necdet; Ulucam, Enis; Cikmaz, SelmanObjective: The hands are one of the most conspicuous parts of the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the bones that comprise the hands and their aesthetic importance in terms of the Fibonacci series. Material and Methods: In this study, which was designed retrospectively, 123 digital hand roentgenograms of adult patients were reviewed. Each finger was measured in terms of metacarpal, proximal, middle, and distal phalangeal lengths by using a digital caliper. The proximal phalangeal length was subtracted from the sum of the lengths of the middle and distal phalanges and the metacarpal length was subtracted from sum of the lengths of the proximal and middle phalanges, to investigate the conformity to Fibonacci sequence. The Bland-Altman method was used to evaluate the measurements. Results: There is a mathematical harmony between all finger bones in terms of the Fibonacci sequence. The first, second, and fifth metacarpals conform to the Fibonacci sequence; however the third and fourth metacarpals do not. Conclusion: It can be easily proven that all of the bones that form fingers are in accordance with the Fibonacci sequence. These results convince us that Fibonacci sequence can be used for the reconstruction of human hand after a serious trauma or congenital anomalies.Öğe Vitruvius Square and related equations in Turkish men in terms of artistic anatomy(Ekin Tibbi Yayincilik Ltd Sti-Ekin Medical Publ, 2007) Cikmaz, Selman; Yilmaz, Ali; Mesut, RecepObjectives: Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, in his book named De Architectura, stated that the height of a person is equal to his or her length of outstreched arms and fits to a square. He also divided one's height into four equal parts and stated that the length of each of these parts equals to 25% of the height of the individual. This study aimed to investigate to what extent Turkish men fit the Vitruvius square and its equations. Study Design: Specific body distances of 50 male students were determined by anthropornetric measurement techniques and recorded in forms prepared in advance. Then, the arithmetic means and standard deviations were calculated for each distance and compared with the Vitruvius square and related equations. Results: The height of the participants was 173.3 +/- 6.83 cm and their length of outstretched arms was 178.4 +/- 7.38 cm. Only 16% of the subjects were determined to fit to the square, 12% remained within the square and 72% were out of the square. Additionally, a very low proportion of the participants met the equations. Conclusion: It was observed that a great majority of Turkish men do not fit Vitruvius square and its equations.
