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    Diversity analysis of the rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) by utilizing SSRs rice diversity by SSRs
    (Wiley, 2021) Beser, Necmi; Mutafcilar, Zeynep Cisem; Hasancebi, Semra
    This study was carried out to analysis of genetic diversity of rice marketed in Turkey. Sixty rice varieties used as a material. A total of 50 SSR markers distributed to all 12 rice chromosomes were used for the diversity analysis of the genotypes. Out of these, 43 SSRs produced clear, distinct polymorphic bands among the rice varieties, and a total of 227 alleles were obtained. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 9 to 1. The mean number of alleles per locus was 5.25, and 22 markers (51%) had 6 or more alleles. Clustering of 60 varieties based on 43 SSR markers was carried out. While aromatic varieties were placed into an out-group Rocca and Baldo which are parents of many rice varieties and 47 varieties were placed into the same clusters. This SSR polymorphism analysis revealed genomic relationships in rice marketed in Turkey. Practical applications Results of this study could be used to diversity analysis of rice and other crops and rice breeding programs. It could be used to study genetic diversity of polished rice at the market and consumer preference by countries.
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    EVALUATION OF TURKISH RICE VARIETIES (ORYZA SATIVA L.) FOR REPRODUCTIVE STAGE COLD ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS TOLERANCE IN AFRICA
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Zenna, Negussie; Rasoazany, Fanomezantsoa; Kwayu, Rehema; Ndomondo, Martin; Surek, Halil; Beser, Necmi
    Low-temperature-induced crop loss is one of a major threat in rice production; introduction of cold tolerant trait from cultivars that are well adapted to cooler climates is considered a vital strategy to mitigate the crop loss. In this study, twenty geno-types obtained from Trakya Agricutural Research Institute, in Turkey were evaluated for their reproductive stage cold tolerance in order to identify best performers for African cold-prone rice growing ecologies. The genotypes were first screened in temperature regulated screen house at AfricaRice research station in Tanzania, then field evaluated in Madagascar at the elevation of 1650 meter above sea level in rainfed lowland ecology. The genotypes showed range of reactions for the cold stress from highly susceptible to highly tolerant level. The susceptible genotypes showed consistent delay in flowering date up to 20 days, height reduction up to 40% and spikelet sterility up to 100% and consequently yield loss up to 100%. Nevertheless, in the field trial six genotypes; namely: Meric, Surek-95, Serhat-92, Duragan, Negis and Halilbey were identified to have superior performance compared to the local cold tolerant checks, with the yield potential of more than 5 t/ha. These candidate genotypes can be used to expand rice production in cold prone areas and contribute to food security in Africa.
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    GUM ARABIC APPLICATION IMPROVE ANTHER CULTURE EFFICIENCY IN RICE
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2022) Sen, Ayse; Beser, Necmi
    The present study; seven rice genotypes (Osmancdc-97, Edirne, TG1, TG2, Sur C1, Luna C1 and Reiziq) and positive check Taipei 309 cultivars were used to investigate anther culture efficiency under different in vitro culture environments. For optimization step of calli induction from rice anthers, the spikes were exposed to 10 degrees C cold at 8 days. Afterwards, rice anthers were inoculated on 20 different media compositions. Three Turkish genotypes (Osmancik-97, TG1 and TG2) and Taipei 309 gave positive results in four of twenty culture compositions. The effect of putrescine, gum Arabic and CuSO4 additives and carbon sources, sucrose and maltose, in the calli induction culture media were observed as a genotyped-dependent. N-6 media consist of maltose, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and gum Arabic showed maximum calli induction rate. Obtained-calli from these four cultivars were put on 10 different solidify Murashige and Skoog (MS) media compositions to obtain plantlets. Two Turkish genotypes (Osmancik-97 and TG1) and Taipei 309 gave positive results in one of ten culture compositions. MS basal salt mixture with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), Kinetin, sucrose, myo-inositol and agar gave better results than others. During the optimization phase, irradiation of the rice spikes with low-dose gamma radiation did not give the expected result. In the study to determine the culture ability after optimization, Taipei 309 was more efficient than Osmancik-97 and TG1. It was determined that 23% of the obtained plantlets after flow cytometer analysis were haploid. About 82% of the plantlets transferred to the soil were set to seed. Additionally, gum-Arabic increased anther culture efficiency in rice.
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    Identification of SSR Markers for Differentiating Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Marketed in Turkey
    (Galenos Publ House, 2020) Beser, Necmi; Mutafcilar, Zeynep Cisem
    This study was carried out to identify SSR markers for the differentiation and identification of rice cultivars marketed in Turkey between 2016 and 2017. In this study 60 registered or production permitted, some local and foreign rice varieties were used as a material. DNA was isolated from single polished rice kernels for PCR amplification and rice cultivars were genotyped by 50 SSR markers. We found that 45 out of 50 SSR markers produced reproducible and polymorphic alleles. Thirty-six rice varieties had variety specific alleles among 60 rice varieties analysed in the study. This variety specific alleles belong to only one variety and they can be used to identify rice variety among 60 rice varieties studied. Osmancik-97, Cammeo, Ronaldo and Baldo are the most import 4 varieties in Turkish rice production and milled rice market. In this study, it was found that RM152, RM144, RM259 and RM118 SSR markers can be used to differentiate and identify these most important four varieties with different combinations. Collectively, this study provided some variety specific SSR markers that can be used to differentiate and identify rice varieties sold in Turkey.
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    AN INVESTIGATION OF VARIOUS DRIP IRRIGATION TREATMENTS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.).
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Beser, Necmi; Surek, Halil; Sahin, Sultan; Kaya, Recep; Tuna, Bulent; Cakir, Recep
    This research was carried out to investigate various drip irrigation treatments in rice. Six drip irrigation treatments and traditional flooded rice culture were examined with Osmancik-9 7 rice variety. Drip irrigation laterals with an emitter discharge rate of 2 l/h and emitter spacing of 0,30 m were used in drip irrigation system. Distances between laterals were 80 cm or 160 cm according to drip irrigation treatments. As a to two year means, highest yield was obtained from T7 control treatment (flooded irrigation) with 8, 027 t/ha, and it was followed by T1 (16 planted rows in plot, distance between rice rows 20 cm and distance between drip irrigation laterals 80 cm) drip irrigation treatment with 6.955 t/ha. Total water amounts applied to control flooded and drip irrigation treatments were determined respectively as 1806 mm and 789 mm (including rainfall). 56,31 % less water was used at drip irrigation treatment than the control flooded irrigation treatment. While water use efficiency (WUE) was 0,444 kg paddy/t water in flooded irrigation, it was 0,885 kg paddy/t water for the T1 which was the highest yielding drip irrigation treatment.
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    Morphological and molecular evaluation of Turkish rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces
    (Springer, 2021) Konak, Mete Arslan; Hasancebi, Semra; Beser, Necmi
    This study was carried out to evaluate Turkish rice landraces, in 2016 and 2017. Twenty-nine morphological traits were used for morphological evolution and 10 SSR markers were used for molecular evolution in 27 varieties. Based on morphological dendrogram, the landraces were divided in to 11 groups at 5 level differences. It was found that all 27 landraces had absent or very weak pubescence of panultimate leaf blade, broad decorated seed width and non-waxy kernel, however, they were highly polymorphic for the other 26 characters studied. In total 51 alleles were produced by screening with SSRs and among the markers; RM552 and RM287 were highly polymorphic for Turkish rice landraces with 11 and 8 alleles respectively. Average allele number was 5.1 and PIC ranged from 0.36 to 0.84. The UPGMA cluster dendrogram generated by using SSRs information and cluster grouped the 27 landraces in 2 major clusters. A significant level of polymorphism on molecular levels was observed. The study shows that some landraces with same local name were very distant from each other, while some local varieties with different names were same landraces.
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    SEARCH OF EFFECTIVE RESISTANT GENES TO THE RICE BLAST PATHOGEN (MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA) UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN TURKEY
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Beser, Necmi; Surek, Halil; Sahin, Mevlut
    The objective of this study was to determine which resistance genes to the rice blast pathogen (Magnaporthe grisea) were effective in the field in Turkey in 2011 and 2013, in order to determine the most promising genes for use in resistance breeding program. In 2011, 21 monogenic lines in the genetic background of 'Lijiangxintuanheigu' (LTH) targeting 16 different resistant genes, 1 line harbouring P140 gene together with susceptible checks 'LTH 'CO39', and local susceptible checks 'Diyarbakir yerli' and 'Sariceltik', and additional some cultivars were tested in 10 locations. In 2013,29 monogenic LTH lines targeting 24 blast resistant genes and 2 lines harbouring the Pi40 gene were tested in 2 locations. We observed that, Pi1, Pi7, Pi9, Pi12, Pi20, Pi40, Pib, Pik-h, Pik-m, Pik-p, and Piz-5 genes provided resistance in all rice locations tested. Moreover, Pi5(t), Pita, Pita-2, Pit, and Pi-z provided moderate resistance in Turkey. Pi7, Pi9, Pi12, Pi20, Pi40, Pib, Pik-h, Pikm, Pik-p, and Piz-5 genes can be used alone or in different combinations. To obtain durable resistance to rice blast in Turkey, we recommend breeding cultivars containing different stacked combinations of afore mentioned genes. Pi1, P15(t), Pita, Pita-2, Pit, and Piz genes, when added to such stacks, could further improve blast resistance in rice cultivars for Turkey.