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Öğe Estimation of Radioactivity Caused by Chemical Fertilizers on Trakya Sub-Region Soils and Its Potential Risk on Ecosystem(European Center Sustainable Development, 2018) Bayrak, Gokcen; Keles, Emine; Atik, DamlaExposure to terrestrial radioactivity depends primarily on geological conditions and soil types. Phosphate, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, which are used predominantly in order to increase crops in agriculture, provide basic nutrients to plants. Radionuclides in phosphate fertilizer belonging to Th-232 and U-238 from phosphate rocks series as well as radioisotope of potassium (K-40) are the major contributors of outdoor terrestrial natural radiation. The plants take some fractions of radioactivity and radionuclides enter the food chain in this way. Trakya sub-region, located in northwestern Turkey, constitutes one of the significant agricultural centers, 65% of this area is used for agricultural purposes. This is the region which uses the most fertilizer per unit area, with an average of 145 kg per hectare and approximately 20% of the fertilizer consumed in Turkey is used in the region. The main objective of this study is to evaluate Trakya Sub-region from the point of potential environmental effects of radionuclides which may be caused by phosphate fertilizers used in agricultural areas. For this purpose, it is aimed to determine the priority areas for the monitoring studies by analyzing the results of the use of temporal and spatial fertilizers and the studies performed in the region.Öğe THE FLOW-RATE PREDICTION IN ERGENE WATERSHED(Carpathian Assoc Environment And Earth Sciences, 2021) Bayrak, Gokcen; Sevgen, Selcuk; Samli, RuyaThis paper presents an experimental study about prediction of the highest monthly average flow-rate of the Ergene River. Hydro-meteorological data from Luleburgaz Meteorology Station (MS) and Luleburgaz Flow Observation Station (FOS) have been used for prediction. Ergene watershed has point and non-point sources pollution and has seasonal floods. The study area is located in the middle of the watershed. First of all, hydro-meteorological data of all months between 1995 and 2017 were obtained from Luleburgaz FOS. After that, the relationship between the data were modeled by Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Also, the monthly flow-rate of Ergene River Luleburgaz Station is predicted annually for the years 2017 and 2018. The results demonstrate that the ANN, MLR and SVM models can predict the flow-rate with high accuracy, but the ANN is the most appropriate model to the Ergene watershed data set.Öğe Unable to Inhale in an Historical Square(European Center Sustainable Development, 2018) Atik, Damla; Keles, Emine; Bayrak, GokcenLivable and sustainable cities are required to respond space-activity necessities of people as much as to provide satisfaction of users in terms of social and physiological ways. Urban squares definitely attract the attention among urban spaces that having significant place in city fiction and life. It is possible to consider squares which were identified with various names through history as inhalation yards of a city. Been shaped by culture, life style and expectations of the society whom they belong; squares have importance to obtain sustainability in developing and growing cities. Edirne as a medium scaled city is located in the north-west part of Turkey; have country borders with Greece and Bulgaria; had been capital city of Ottoman Empire almost a century though has cultural and historical wealth. The most significant square of the city is Cumhuriyet Square and it is located in the historical city center. The square has transferred almost all of its facilities and functions to the Saraclar Street neighbor on, being precluded by traffic axis at the present time. It is aimed to draw attention on cultural and historical traces of the city by scrutinizing the square in terms of usage and meaning in this study. Data will be obtained by evaluating socio-economic, cultural and physical changes of the city and improving project will be suggested for sustainability and future. It is predicted that this suggestion (or inspiring new projects) will be made actual by further surveys providing contribution of society as well as support of administrators who are claiming similar approaches.Öğe Visual Landscape Quality Assessment in Historical Cultural Landscape Areas(European Center Sustainable Development, 2018) Keles, Emine; Atik, Damla; Bayrak, GokcenVarious factors such as rapid population increase, socio-economic changes and uncontrolled urbanization observed in cities caused many changes in urban areas. These changes damage natural and cultural landscape areas. It is observed that especially historical landscape areas couldn't be protected as well as planning and management of these areas couldn't be provided. Accordingly, constitution of inventory studies oriented natural, cultural and historical sources; presentation of planning and management decisions and arrangements that are integrated to historical identity and increasing environmental quality are steered. Visual Landscape Quality Assessment is one of the methods used in both our country and in the world for planning studies within the context of European Landscape Convention. The visual character of landscape consists of both natural-human made artifacts and physical-biological sources. The assessment includes a list of areas that are subject to cultural heritage conservation; it lends assistance for identifying various factors and preferences of physical landscape components. Edirne/Turkey is one of the most significant cities of the world being a cultural heritage area with its tangible and intangible cultural landscape elements. It is aimed to contribute to rational planning and conserving of cultural resources by preparing visual landscape quality assessment of Edirne city in this study.
