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    Effects of sucrose, maltose, pH and phloroglucinol on the germination of globe artichoke pollen in vitro
    (Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2005) Bal, U; Abak, K
    Effects of sucrose and maltose at the concentrations 0.5 and 1.0 M, availability of the phloroglucinol (PG) at the concentrations 0 and 10 mu M, and three levels of pH (5, 6 and 7) in a basic medium containing 1.63 mM H3BO3, 1 mM KNO3, 1.27 mM Ca(NO3)(2).4H(2)O and 0.45 mM CaCl2 on the pollen germination in vitro of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) were studied. A separate experiment for each type of sugar was carried out. Analyses of percentages for pollen germination showed that main effects of sugar concentrations and availability of PG in the media were significant only in the sucrose experiment where 1.0 M sucrose and 10 mu M PG resulted in a germination of 49.8 and 38.9 %, respectively. The main effect of pH however was significant only in the maltose experiment where pH 5 resulted in 29.5 % germination while pH 7 gave only 15.3 %. Regarding the two factor interactions, statistical significance was found only for the combinations of sucrose concentrations x pH and PG x pH in the maltose experiment and sucrose concentrations x PG in the sucrose experiment. The interaction of all three factors was significant only in the maltose experiment where the highest pollen germination was 40.8 % for the combination of 0.5 M maltose x 10 mu M PG x pH 6, whereas in the sucrose experiment interaction of the three factors was not significant and the highest pollen germination was 68.9 % for the combination of 1.0 M sucrose x 0 PG x pH 5. Bursting of the pollen tube as well as elongation of the tube in a spiral manner occurred in all the media tested. Overall, more favourable germination was obtained from the sucrose media to which addition of phloroglucinol at 10 mu M concentration was useful. The factors influencing pollen germination of the globe artichoke and their relevance for its improvement were discussed.
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    Effects of Trichoderma harzianum on the yield and fruit quality of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) grown in an unheated greenhouse
    (Csiro Publishing, 2006) Bal, U; Altintas, S
    Trichoderma harzianum was applied to seedling growing media (a peat and soil-based mixture or greenhouse soil) at the time of sowing, at transplanting to vials and at planting. The factorial experiment using 2 seedling growing media, 2 cultivars and 4 dosages of T. harzianum at 0 (control), 4 g/m(2), 10 g/m(2) and 24 g/ m(2) showed that the Trichoderma dosage had no significant effect on the yield or fruit quality. None of the 3 factor interactions between the criteria studied, that is, total yield, marketable yield, early yield, individual fruit weight, total soluble solids and titratable acidity, were significant except for fruit diameter. The 3 factor combination of Peat x Belleveu F1 x 10 g/m(2) resulted in the highest total yield, marketable yield and early yield with 1552, 1373 and 681 g/plant, respectively. The interaction between media and cultivars was significant for all the yield characteristics studied. However, the main effect of T. harzianum on early yield was the highest at 4 g/m(2), producing 527 g/plant in comparison to the control with 374 g/plant. It was, therefore, hypothesised that the positive effect of T. harzianum, observed in the early yield, may be extended to the whole growing period by further applications, that is, by periodical renewal of the T. harzianum population at the root zone.