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    The levels of circulating markers of atherosclerosis and inflammation in subjects with different degrees of body mass index: Soluble CD40 ligand and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2007) Guldiken, Sibel; Demir, Muzaffer; Arikan, Ender; Turgut, Burhan; Azcan, Sennur; Gerenli, Murat; Tugrul, Armagan
    Background: It is welt demonstrated that obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that obesity, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis are closely related phenomena in which low-grade inflammatory state and prothrombotic condition has pivotal roles. It has been shown that CD40-soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) interactions might constitute an important mediator for vascular inflammation. The aim of the present study was to assess sCD40L in relation to hs-CRP and cardiovascular risk factors in relation to body mass index (BMI). Materials and methods: Serum sCD40L and hs-CRP concentrations were measured in 52 obese patients and 28 non-obese subjects by ELISA. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We divided the participants into three groups depending in their BMI levels (Group 1: BMI < 25 kg/m(2), Group 2: BMI 30-34.9 kg/m(2), Group 3: BMI >= 35 kg/m(2)). Results: We determined that the mean sCD40L of group 3 was significantly higher than group 1 and group 2 (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). However, there was no significant correlation between plasma sCD40L levels and BMI. Plasma levels of hs-CRP were higher in obese group than the non-obese group (p < 0.001). The Levels of sCD40L were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean hs-CRP levels increased gradually in accordance with groups of BMI, there was a strong correlation between hs-CRP levels and BMI (r = 0.724, p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between sCD40L and hs-CRP levels in all participants. Conclusions: It is still a subject for debate whether sCD40L Levels are increased or not in obesity. However, the results of this study showed that sCD40L is substantially increased in patients with severe obesity. In terms of causality, the relatively small sample size and cross-sectional design of this study are considered to be the limitation factors. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, leptin, and resistin in patients with overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008) Guldiken, Sibel; Demir, Muzaffer; Arikan, Ender; Azcan, Sennur; Tugrul, Armagan
    Hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk for obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Resistin and leptin exert proinflammatory actions by activating a specific receptors which are expressed in human endothelial cells. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the relations between the leptin, resistin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), which is a marker of low-grade inflammation, in patients with subclinical (SH) and overt hypothyroidism (OH). The levels of leptin, resistin, and hs-CRP were measured in 25 patients with CH, 30 patients with SH, and in 25 healthy subjects, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The leptin and resistin levels in patients with OH and SH were similar to those in the control group. The hs-CRP level in OH group was significantly higher than SH and control groups (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). In the OH group, hs-CRP levels were positively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (P < 0.001, r = 0.728) and negatively correlated with fF4 levels (P = 0.01 r = -0.51). Combining the OH and SH groups, serum hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (P < 0.001, r = 0.765) and fr4 (P < 0.001, r = -0.716). No significant correlation was found between hs-CRP and leptin or resistin in patients with OH and SH. We suggest that the elevated hs-CRP levels in hypothyroidism may play a role in the increased risk for atherosclerosis in these patients.