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    Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Ceriodaphnia quadrangula Ephippia Chitosan
    (Ars Docendi, 2016) Asan-Ozusaglam, Meltem; Cakmak, Yavuz Selim; Kaya, Murat; Erdogan, Sevil; Baran, Talat; Mentes, Ayfer; Saman, Ihsan
    The chitosan from ephippia of Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (Crustaceae) has been fully characterized in our previous study, and in this work it was tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities against human and fish pathogens, while also determining its antioxidant activities. Using the disc diffusion method showed that the antimicrobial activity was observed against all tested microorganisms in the range of 12.84 -16.28 mm. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was found to be 0.63 - 2.50 mg/ml. Chitosan obtained from C. quadrangula ephippia showed higher antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria than commercial antibiotics. While chitosan inhibited 35.83% of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (at 5 mg/ml), it showed an activity of 14.48 mu g/ml for ferrous ion reducing. Consequently, it is suggested that chitosan obtained from the ephippia of C. quadrangula (Crustacea) can be used as food/feed additives, preservatives or in the pharmaceutical industry instead of using synthetic antimicrobials and antioxidants.
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    Comparison of antimicrobial activities of newly obtained low molecular weight scorpion chitosan and medium molecular weight commercial chitosan
    (Soc Bioscience Bioengineering Japan, 2016) Kaya, Murat; Asan-Ozusaglam, Meltem; Erdogan, Sevil
    In this study the antimicrobial activity of low molecular weight (3.22 IrDa) chitosan, obtained for the first time from a species belonging to the Scorpiones, was screened against nine pathogenic microorganisms (seven bacteria and two yeasts) and compared with that of medium molecular weight commercial chitosan (MMWCC). It was observed that the antimicrobial activity of the low molecular weight scorpion chitosan (LMWSC) was specific to bacterial species in general rather than gram-negative or gram-positive bacterial groups. It was also determined that LMWSC had a stronger inhibitory effect than the MMWCC, particularly on the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes and the yeast Candida albicans, which are important pathogens for public health. In addition, it was recorded that the MMWCC had a greater inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis than LMWSC. According to the results obtained by the disc diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of both LMWSC and MMWCC against B. subtilis and Salmonella enteritidis was higher than the widely used antibiotic Gentamicin (CN, 10 mu g/disc). (C) 2015 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.
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    Porous and nanofiber ?-chitosan obtained from blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) tested for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities
    (Elsevier, 2016) Kaya, Murat; Dudakli, Fatma; Asan-Ozusaglam, Meltem; Cakmak, Yavuz Selim; Baran, Talat; Mentes, Ayfer; Erdogan, Sevil
    Chitin was isolated using the classical chemical method from the shell of Callinectes sapidus. The chitin content in the dry weight of the crab shells was determined as 12.1%. Total chitosan yield was recorded as 76%. The deacetylation degree of the chitosan was found to be 82.5%. The obtained chitin was in the alpha-form which was confirmed from the results of FTIR, TGA and XRD analyses. Resulting chitin showed DTG max value as 390 degrees C while in same regard chitosan show this value as 306 degrees C. Detailed information about the composition of pores and nanofibers was obtained using SEM. Disc diffusion method used for testing the antimicrobial activity, inhibition zone diameters of the chitosan from C. sapidus varied between 15.28 and 20.21 mm for human bacterial pathogens, between 15.51 and 16.25 mm for fungal pathogens and between 14.22 and 15.75 mm for fish bacterial pathogens, respectively. MBC and MFC values of the chitosan from C sapidus were between 0.16 and 2.50 mg/mL. The results of DPPH and ferric ion reducing power activity used for determining the antioxidant activity of the chitosan, were found as IC50: 5.99 and EC50: 6.16, respectively. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.