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    Effect of fiber-reinforced direct restorative materials on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated mandibular molars restored with a conservative endodontic cavity design
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Nezir, Merve; Dinctuerk, Beyza Arslandas; Sari, Ceyda; Alp, Cemile Kedici; Altinisik, Hanife
    Objective This study aimed to evaluate the fracture strength of teeth restored using fiber-reinforced direct restorative materials after endodontic treatment with a conservative mesio-occlusal access cavity design. Materials and methods A total of 100 extracted intact mandibular first molars were selected and distributed into a positive control group where teeth left intact and the following four test groups comprised of teeth with conservative mesio-occlusal access cavities that had undergone root canal treatment (n = 20/group): access cavity without restoration (negative control), bulk-fill resin composite with horizontal glass fiber post reinforcement, fiber-reinforced composite with bulk-fill resin and bulk-fill resin composite. Following thermocycling (10,000 cycles), fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine. Statistical analyses (one-way analysis of variance and the Tamhane test) were performed, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Groups with minimally invasive access cavities had lower fracture strength than intact teeth, regardless of the restoration material (p < 0.05). Fiber-reinforced composite groups demonstrated higher fracture strength than bulk-fill resin composite alone (p < 0.05). Fracture types varied among groups, with restorable fractures predominant in the fiber-reinforced composite groups. Conclusion This study suggests that using fiber-reinforced composite materials, especially in combination with bulk-fill resin composites, can effectively enhance the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth with conservative access cavities. However, using only bulk-fill resin composite is not recommended based on the fracture strength results. Clinical significance When teeth that undergo endodontic treatment are restored using a conservative access cavity design and fiber-reinforced composite materials, especially in combination with bulk-fill resin composites, the fracture strength of the teeth can be effectively increased.
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    Instrumental and visual evaluation of the color adjustment potential of different single-shade resin composites to human teeth of various shades
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Altinisik, Hanife; Ozyurt, Esra
    Objective The study aims to evaluate the color adjustment potential (CAP-I, CAP-V) of different single-shade resin composites. Materials and methods The shades of 40 human incisors were determined using a spectrophotometer, with the teeth divided into four groups of the same shade (n = 10). The following single-shade resin composites were tested: Omnichroma, Charisma Diamond One, Vittra Unique, and Essentia Universal. The specimens were prepared as dual and single. Standardized cavity preparations (diameter, 7 mm; depth, 2 mm) were prepared in human incisor teeth and then restored for dual specimens. Composite duplicates of human incisors were prepared with resin composites for single specimens (n = 10). The color match of these specimens to that of unrestored human incisors was compared, and the color difference (Delta E*) was calculated. Independent observers conducted a visual evaluation of the specimens and scored them. CAP-I and CAP-V values were determined. A one-way analysis of variance test was used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Results There was no statistically significant difference between the CAP-V and CAP-I values of the tested single-shade resin composites (p > 0.05). All the materials tested had acceptable color-matching potential. Conclusions In terms of color matching, there were no significant differences between the different tooth shades of all the tested resin composites.
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    Investigation of microleakage in adhesive restorations under hyperbaric conditions: An in vitro study
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Ozyurt, Esra; Altinisik, Hanife
    In underwater and hyperbaric oxygen therapy chambers, hyperbaric environments may cause dislodgement or crack on dental restorations. This study aimed to investigate microleakage in different bonding techniques under hyperbaric conditions. Class II cavities were prepared on sixty human molar teeth. According to the manufac-turer's instructions, a universal adhesive was applied to half of the samples with the self-etch technique, and the selective-etch technique to the other half, then light-cured. The cavities were restored with a conventional resin composite. The two main groups were divided into subgroups for hyperbaric conditions as control (1-bar), 2.8 -bar, and 4-bar air pressure. The samples were immersed in a 1% methylene blue dye solution and then sectioned. Microleakage was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed with the Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Chi-square test with a p < 0.05 significance level. The 4-bar groups showed significantly higher micro -leakage scores than the control and 2.8-bar groups among each selective-etch and self-etch subgroups (0.009, 0.000 respectively). In the 4-bar groups, The self-etch subgroup score was significantly higher than the selective -etch subgroup under 4-bar pressure (p < 0.05). The selective-etch technique for universal adhesive showed better results against microleakage under hyperbaric conditions.