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    Clinical and laboratory factors associated with bamboo spine in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: are there clues for bamboo spine?
    (Clinical & Exper Rheumatology, 2023) Atagunduz, P.; Kiraz, S.; Akar, S.; Kucuksahin, O.; Erden, A.; Aksoy, A.; Coskun, B. N.
    Objective To analyse the clinical and laboratory factors associated with bamboo spine. Methods Data of patients fulfilling the 2009 ASAS classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis, registered in the national, multicentre, longitudinal, and observational database of TReasure was analysed. Radiographs were assessed using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiologic Index (BASRI). Data of patients with a bamboo spine (Group 1) was compared to data derived from patients with a longstanding disease of at least 15 years but no syndesmophytes (Group 2). Results Out of the 5060 patients, 1246 had eligible radiographs. There were 111 patients (8.9%) with a bamboo spine. Male sex was more common among patients with bamboo spine. The median BMI of 27.7 (25.8-31.1) in Group1 was higher than the BMI of 25.9 (22.9-29.2) in Group 2 (p<0.001). Hip arthritis, present or documented by a physician, was more common in Group 1 [(58/108 (53.7%) vs. 35/103 (34%), p=0.004]. There was a tendency towards a more prevalent enthesitis in these patients [29.1% (25/86) vs. 15.9%(11/69), p=0.054]. HLA-B27 status did not differ between groups. Smoking was more prevalent in Group 1. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex, body mass index, hip arthritis, and enthesitis are associated with bamboo spine in axSpA. Conclusion Bamboo spine was more common in the male sex and associated with a delay in diagnosis, high BMI, hip involvement, and enthesitis. The constellation of increased body weight, hip arthritis, and enthesitis may imply that mechanical stress contributes to radiographic damage in the presence of chronic inflammation.
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    LACK OF EVIDENCE FOR CONTRIBUTION OF ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INTRON 4 VNTR GENE POLYMORPHISMS TO DEVELOPMENT OF ISCHEMIC STROKE IN TURKISH SUBJECTS
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Sipahi, T.; Basak, A. A.; Ozgen, Z.; Aksoy, A.; Omurlu, I. K.; Palabiyik, O.; Cakina, S.
    The gene polymorphisms of the vasodilator endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are considered as important candidate genetic risk factors for vascular diseases. The present study aimed to assess the genotypic distribution and the allelic frequency of the four repeals (a allele), and the five repeats (b allele) of 27 bp in intron 4 of eNOS gene (eNOS VNTR 4 a/b) in Turkish ischemic stroke patients compared to controls. The study population included 197 (102 males, 95 females) patients with ischemic stroke which were categorized according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) as large vessel disease or small vessel disease patients, and 144 (36 males, 108 females) controls. The eNOS VNTR 4 a/b gene polymorphisms were identified with a polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes were defined as aa; 394 bp fragment, ab; 394 and 421 bp fragments, and bb; 421 bp fragment according to the presence of the a and b alleles. In this stroke-control study, we did not find any significant difference in either the genotypic distribution or allelic frequency of eNOS VNTR 4 a/b gene polymorphism between the ischemic stroke patients and the controls (p>0.05). We also did not find any significant difference in either the genotypic distribution or allelic frequency according to gender (p>0.05). In addition, there was also no significant difference for the genotype distribution and the allelic frequency among the stroke subtypes (p>0.05), or according to gender in stroke subgroups (p>0.05). The results suggested the lack of an association between the VNTR 4 a/b gene polymorphisms of eNOS gene and ischemic stroke or between the VNTR 4 a/b gene polymorphisms of eNOS gene and subtypes of ischemic stroke in Turkish population in the Trakya region.